An overview on genotoxicity of heavy metal in a spice crop (Capsicum annuum L.) in respect to cyto-morphological behaviour

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effect of lead on (a) seed germination and (b) plant survival in Capsicum annuum L.

Figure 3. Chromosomal abnormalities (a) diakinesis; (b) stray bivalent at metaphase II; (c) unequal separation at anaphase I; (d) bridge at anaphase I; (e) laggards with fragment at anaphase I; (f) micronuclei at telophase II (scale bar=10 μm).

Table 1. Different chromosomal abnormalities induced by Pb(NO₃)₂ in Capsicum annuum L.

Conc.	Total	Metaphase I/II			Anaphase I/II			Telophase I/II				Total Abn. (%)
Pb(NO3)2(ppm)	PMCs	Stickiness	Precocious separation	Multivalents	Laggards	Bridge	Fragments	Bridge	Micronuclei	Laggards	Disturbed polarity
Control	310
20	306	0.32	0.32	0.65			0.65	0.32	0.32	0.65		3.23
40	315	1.26	0.95	0.95	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.95	0.31	0.63	0.63	7.57
60	325	1.23	1.53	1.84	0.92	1.23	1.53	1.23	0.92	1.23	1.23	12.89
80	319	1.56	1.88	1.88	1.56	1.25	1.88	2.19	0.94	1.56	1.25	15.95
100	302	2.31	2.64	2.64	2.31	2.31	2.64	2.31	1.32	2.31	1.32	22.11

Concs: concentrations, PMCs: pollen mother cell, Abn.: Abnormalities