Genotoxic effects of Heracleum sosnowskyi in the Allium cepa test

Figures & data

Table 1. Data on mitotic and phase indexes (mean ± SD) in the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots treated with solutions of H. sosnowskyi juice.

Juice concentration (ml l^–1)	Mitotic index (%)	Phase index (%)
		Prophase	Metaphase	Anaphase	Telophase
Control (0)	10.7 ± 0.6	65.5 ± 1.8	15.0 ± 1.6	9.6 ± 1.8	9.9 ± 0.5
1	10.4 ± 0.8	65.6 ± 1.0	19.1 ± 1.5	7.0 ± 1.4	8.3 ± 0.9
5	8.1 ± 0.4^a	65.6 ± 3.2	18.8 ± 1.9	9.8 ± 2.3	15.6 ± 4.2
10	6.5 ± 0.1^a	50.9 ± 1.7^a	25.8 ± 2.9	11.0 ± 1.5	12.3 ± 2.0
50	5.1 ± 0.4^a	47.7 ± 1.7^a	27.9 ± 2.3^a	12.9 ± 2.4	11.5 ± 2.0
100	3.4 ± 0.8^a	56.3 ± 6.1^a	23.9 ± 6.2^a	8.2 ± 2.9	11.6 ± 4.6
300	1.8 ± 0.2^a	45.8 ± 0.6^a	28.0 ± 0.7^a	13.5 ± 1.0^a	12.7 ± 0.1^a

^a Statistically different when compared with untreated control.

Table 2. Data on the number of mitotic disturbances (mean ± SD) in the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots treated by H. sosnowskyi juice.

Juice concentration (ml l^–1)	Mitotic abnormalities (% per 1000 cells)
	Polyploidy	Lagging chromosomes	Total (%)
Control (0)	0.00	0.43 ± 0.17	0.43 ± 0.17
1	0.00	0.35 ± 0.12	0.35 ± 0.12
5	0.00	1.21 ± 0.64	1.21 ± 0.64
10	0.00	3.05 ± 1.22^a	3.05 ± 1.22^a
50	0.00	8.31 ± 0.59^a	8.31 ± 0.59^a
100	0.00	15.56 ± 1.70^a	15.56 ± 1.70^a
300	0.00	10.27 ± 1.35^a	10.27 ± 1.35^a

^a Statistically different when compared with untreated control.

Table 3. Data on the number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (mean ± SD) in the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots treated with solutions of H. sosnowskyi juice.

Juice concentration (ml l^–1)	Chromosomal abnormalities (% per 100 ana-telophases)
	Bridges	Fragments	Total (%)	Micronuclei (% per 3000 cells)
Control (0)	0.60 ± 0.22	0.27 ± 0.10	0.87 ± 0.26	0.012 ± 0.006
1	0.52 ± 0.14	0.31 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.17	0.011 ± 0.002
5	1.02 ± 0.20	0.70 ± 0.41	1.72 ± 0.34	0.021 ± 0.010
10	1.50 ± 0.36	0.92 ± 0.14	2.42 ± 0.67	0.036 ± 0.019
50	2.77 ± 0.12^a	2.84 ± 0.71^a	5.61 ± 0.89^a	0.101 ± 0.031^a
100	5.64 ± 0.72^a	4.73 ± 0.91^a	10.37 ± 0.85^a	0.189 ± 0.024^a
300	3.22 ± 0.46^a	4.15 ± 0.23^a	7.37 ± 0.43^a	0.236 ± 0.051^a

^a Statistically different when compared with untreated control.

Figure 1. (A) Control meristematic cells of A. cepa; (B) destruction of interphase chromatin (nuclear budding) and formation of micronuclei in root meristem of A. cepa after incubation in solution of 100 ml l^–1 H. sosnowskyi juice; (C) micronuclei at the center in root meristem of A. cepa after incubation in solution of 100 ml l^–1 H. sosnowskyi juice.

Figure 2. Mitotic and chromosome abnormalities and micronuclei in root meristematic cells of A. cepa: bridges (A, B), fragments (C, D), lagging chromosomes (E, F), micronuclei (G, H), achromatic spindle disturbances at metaphase (J), normal metaphase (K).