Cytogenetic analysis of five recommended and released Philippine varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and their parentals

Figures & data

Table 1. Parents of five PHILSURIN recommended and released varieties namely: VMC 95-09, PSR 97-45, PSR 00-343, PSR 00-161, and PSR 00-34.

Variety name	Female parent	Male parent
VMC 95-09	Q 90	Unidentified
PSR 97-45	VMC 74-292	CP 72-1312
PSR 00-343	VMC 84-947	Unidentified
PSR 00-161	VMC 86-550	VMC 87-599
PSR 00-34	VMC 84-194	PHIL 89-43

Engle et al. (2012).

Table 2. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis observed in Saccharum officinarum L. var. Q90 and VMC 95-09.

Chromosome configuration at diakinesis	Q90 (50; %)	VMC 95-09 (64; %)	Gametic chromosome number
2III + 35II + 4I	1 (2)		40
40II		4 (6.25)	40
41II		4 (6.25)	41
38II + 8I	1 (2)		42
1IV + 39II + 2I	2 (4)		42
42II		4 (6.25)	42
42II + 2I	2 (4)		43
43II	3 (6)		43
2III + 41II	4 (8)		44
1III + 41II + 31	3 (6)		44
44II		8 (12.5)	44
1IV + 41II + 4I	3 (6)		45
45II		8 (12.5)	45
1IV + 1III + 41II + 3I	2 (4)		46
1IV + 43II + 2I	1 (2)		46
46II	3 (6)	24 (37.5)	46
44II + 6I	2 (4)		47
1IV + 44II + 2I	2 (4)		47
47II	4 (8)	4 (6.25)	47
2III + 44II + 2I	1 (2)		48
1IV + 45II + 2I	2 (4)		48
1IV + 46II	2 (4)		48
48II		4 (6.25)	48
2IV + 42II + 6I	2 (4)		49
2IV + 43II + 41	2 (4)		49
49II	1 (2)		49
2IV + 1III + 44II + 1I	2 (4)		50
1IV + 48II	1 (2)		50
50II		4 (6.25)	50
1IV + 48II + 2I	1 (2)		51
2IV + 47II + 2I	2 (4)		52
1III + 51II + 1I	1 (2)		53
Gametic chromosome number range (n)	40–53	40–52

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to the total number of cells observed and the relative frequency in percent.

Table 3. Chromosome behavior at metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I of five recommended and released Philippine varieties of Saccharum officinarum L. and their parentals.

Stages	Frequency (%)
	Q 90	VMC 95-09	VMC 74-292	CP 72-1312	PSR 97-45	VMC 84-947	PSR 00-343	VMC 86-550	VMC 87-599	PSR 00-161	VMC 84-194	PHIL 89-43	PSR 00-34
Metaphase I
Total no. of cells	74	80	113	68	83	89	241	149	90	136	173	116	168
Normal	13.51	62.50	13.28	50.00	24.10	31.46	26.14	16.78	24.44	32.35	30.64	12.93	16.07
Laggards/Non-congression	86.49	37.50	86.72	50.00	75.90	68.54	73.86	83.22	75.56	67.65	69.37	87.07	83.93
Anaphase I
Total no. of cells	54	50	50	51	54	57	60	69	50	54	50	50	50
Normal	22.22	–	–	11.76	50.00	21.05	41.67	8.70	–	–	–	98.00	–
Laggards	77.78	100.00	100	88.24	50.00	78.95	58.33	91.31	100	100.00	100.00	2.00	100.00
Telophase I
Total no. of cells	53	50	60	59	82	58	74	50	59	72	55	75	90
Normal	22.64	46.00	21.67	42.37	68.29	29.31	40.54	52.00	23.73	27.78	20.00	10.67	22.22
Laggards	77.36	54.00	78.33	57.63	31.71	70.69	59.46	48.00	76.27	72.22	80.00	89.33	77.78

Figure 1. Meiosis I cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–d) var. Q90: (a) diakinesis with 49II; (b) non-congression at metaphase I; (c) anaphase I with laggards; (d) telophase I with laggards. (e–h) var. VMC 95-09: (e) diakinesis with 46II; (f) metaphase I; (g) anaphase I with laggards; (h) telophase I with laggards.

Table 4. Chromosome behavior meiosis II of five recommended and released Philippine varieties of Saccharum officinarum L. and their parentals.

Stages	Frequency (%)
	Q90	VMC 95-09	VMC 74-292	CP 72-1312	PSR 97-45	VMC 84-947	PSR 00-343	VMC 86-550	VMC 87-599	PSR 00-161	VMC 84-194	PHIL 89-43	PSR 00-34
Prophase II
Total no. of cells	70	50	78	74	98	56	50	50	94	–	60	70	60
Normal	45.71	46.00	51.28	54.05	61.22	60.71	46.00	50.00	55.32	–	90.00	45.71	33.33
Laggards	54.29	54.00	48.72	45.95	38.78	39.29	54.00	50.00	44.68	–	10.00	54.29	66.67
Metaphase II
Total no. of cells	55	56	70	68	61	78	84	60	83	–	52	109	60
Normal	50.91	85.71	2.86	61.76	39.44	39.74	10.71	46.67	44.58	–	69.23	43.12	16.67
Laggards/non-congression	49.10	14.29	97.14	38.24	60.66	60.25	89.28	53.33	55.42	–	30.77	56.88	83.34
Anaphase II
Total no. of cells	63	54	50	56	52	66	50	50	51	–	52	60	50
Normal	19.05	33.89	2.00	25.00	30.77	31.82	–	48.00	23.53	–	25.00	16.67	–
Laggards	80.95	61.11	98.00	75.00	69.23	68.18	100	52	76.47	–	75.00	83.33	100
Telophase II
Total no. of cells	50	50	50	72	55	72	92	53	74	–	55	68	62
Normal	48.00	54.00	4.00 (2)	20.83	52.73	33.33	41.30	43.40	43.24	–	63.64	14.71	38.71
Laggards	52.00	46.00	96.00 (48)	79.17	47.27	66.67	58.70	56.60	56.76	–	36.36	85.29	61.29
Tetrads
Total no. of cells	52	50	50	51	57	68	60	51	54	–	50	50	52
Normal	94.23	100.00	80.00 (40)	52.94	92.98	91.18	90.00	86.27	35.19	–	94.00	82.00	88.46
Laggards	5.77	-	20.00 (10)	47.06	7.02	8.82	10.00	13.73	64.81	–	6.00	18.00	11.54

Figure 2. Meiosis II cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–e) var. Q90: (a) prophase II with laggards; (b) metaphase II with laggards; (c) anaphase II with laggards; (d) telophase II with laggards; (e) tetrads with laggards. (f–j) var. VMC 95-09: (f) prophase II with laggards; (g) normal metaphase II; (h) normal anaphase II; (i) telophase II with laggards; (j) normal tetrad cells.

Table 5. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis observed in Saccharum officinarum L. var. VMC 74-292, CP 72-1312, and PSR 97-45.

Chromosome configuration at diakinesis	VMC 74-292 (58; %)	CP 72-1312 (52; %)	PSR 97-45 (50; %)	Gametic chromosome number
3III + 32II + 7I		1 (1.92)		40
38II + 4I		1 (1.92)		40
40II			1 (2.00)	40
39II + 4I		2 (3.85)		41
40II + 2I		4 (7.69)		41
1IV + 40II		4 (7.69)		42
1III + 40II + 1I			2 (4.00)	42
37II + 10I			1 (2.00)	42
1IV + 2III + 37II + 2I		1 (1.92)		43
40II + 6I		1 (1.92)		43
41II + 4I			3 (6.00)	43
42II + 2I		2 (3.85)		43
43II			3 (6.00)	43
2III + 40II + 2I		2 (3.85)		44
42II + 4I		2 (3.85)	1 (2.00)	44
43II + 2I		3 (5.77)		44
44II			3 (6.00)	44
42II + 6I			2 (4.00)	45
43II + 4I	2 (3.45)		2 (4.00)	45
45II		4 (7.69)		45
1IV + 43II + 2I		2 (3.85)		46
1IV + 44II			3 (6.00)	46
39II + 14I			1 (2.00)	46
44II + 4I		3 (5.77)		46
46II	2 (3.45)			46
2IV + 41II + 4I			1 (2.00)	47
1IV + 2III + 42II		1 (1.92)		47
45II + 4I		1 (1.92)		47
46II + 2I		2 (3.85)		47
47II	14 (24.14)		3 (6.00)	47
1IV + 45II + 2I			1 (2.00)	48
1III + 45II + 3I		2 (3.85)		48
45II + 6I			1 (2.00)	48
46II + 4I		5 (9.62)		48
47II + 2I	2 (3.45)	3 (5.77)		48
48II	6 (10.34)			48
2III + 45II + 2I		1 (1.92)		49
47II + 4I	2 (3.45)		2 (4.00)	49
48II + 2I			2 (4.00)	49
49II	2 (3.45)		3 (6.00)	49
1IV + 47II + 2I		3 (5.77)		50
48II + 4I			1 (2.00)	50
50II	10 (17.24)			50
2III + 47II + 2I			2 (4.00)	51
49II + 4I			2 (4.00)	51
50II + 2I		1 (1.92)		51
51II	4 (6.90)		3 (6.00)	51
2IV + 47II + 2I			1 (2.00)	52
52II	2 (3.45)		1 (2.00)	52
53II	12 (20.69)		2 (4.00)	53
2III + 51II		1 (1.92)		54
53II + 2I			1 (2.00)	54
55II			2 (4.00)	55
Gametic chromosome number range (n)	45–53	40–54	40–55

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to the total number of cells observed and the relative frequency in percent.

Figure 3. Meiosis I cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–d) var. VMC 74-292: (a) chromosome stickiness at diakinesis; (b) multipolar metaphase I plate; (c) anaphase I with laggards; (d) telophase I with laggards. (e–h) var. CP 72-1312: (e) diakinesis with 47II + 2I; (f) metaphase I; (g) anaphase I with laggards; (h) telophase I with laggards. (i–l) var. PSR 97-45: (i) diakinesis with 41II + 4I; (j) non-congression at metaphase I; (k) anaphase I with laggards; (l) telophase I with laggards.

Figure 4. Meiosis II cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–e) var. VMC 74-292: (a) prophase II with laggards; (b) metaphase II with laggards; (c) anaphase II with laggards; (d) telophase II with laggards; (e) normal tetrad cells. (f–j) var. CP 72-1312: (f) prophase II with laggards and chromosomes caught at the cell; (g) metaphase II with laggards; (h) anaphase II with laggards; (i) telophase II with laggards; (j) tetrads with laggards. (k–o) var. PSR 97-45: (k) normal prophase II; (l) normal metaphase II; (m) anaphase II with laggards; (n) telophase II with laggards; (o) normal tetrad cells.

Table 6. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis observed in Saccharum officinarum L. var. VMC 84-947 and PSR 00-343.

Chromosome configuration at diakinesis	VMC 84-947 (55; %)	PSR 00-343 (50; %)	Gametic chromosome number
39II + 2I	1 (1.82)		40
40II	2 (3.64)	8 (16.00)	40
40II + 2I	2 (3.64)		41
41II	5 (9.09)	5 (10.00)	41
42II	5 (9.09)	7 (14.00)	42
43II	7 (12.73)	5 (10.00)	43
43II + 2I		2 (4.00)	44
44II	3 (5.45)	4 (8.00)	44
42II + 6I	1 (1.82)		45
43II + 4I	1 (1.82)		45
44II + 2I	1 (1.82)		45
45II	2 (3.64)	4 (8.00)	45
46II	2 (3.64)	3 (6.00)	46
45II + 4I	1 (1.82)		47
47II	4 (7.27)	4 (8.00)	47
47II + 2I	2 (3.64)	2 (4.00)	48
49II	7 (12.73)		49
50II	3 (5.45)	1 (2.00)	50
51II	2 (3.64)	3 (6.00)	51
50II + 4I	1 (1.82)		52
52II	1 (1.82)	1 (2.00)	52
52II + 2I		1 (2.00)	53
53II	2 (3.64)		53
Gametic chromosome number range (n)	40–53	40–53

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to the total number of cells observed and the relative frequency in percent.

Figure 5. Meiosis I cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–d) var. VMC 84-947: (a) diakinesis with 49II; (b) metaphase I; (c) anaphase I with laggards; (d) telophase I with laggards. (e–h) var. PSR 00-343: (e) diakinesis with 45II; (f) non-congressional alignment and metaphase I with tripolar spindle; (g) anaphase I with laggards; (h) telophase I with laggards.

Figure 6. Meiosis II cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×): (a–e) var. VMC 84-947: (a) prophase II; (b) non-congressional alignment at metaphase II; (c) anaphase II with laggards; (d) telophase II with laggards; (e) normal tetrad cells. (f–j) var. PSR 00-343: (f) prophase II with laggards and chromosomes caught at the cell plate; (g) metaphase II with laggards; (h) anaphase II with laggards; (i) telophase II with laggards; (j) normal tetrad cells.

Table 7. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis observed in Saccharum officinarum L. var. VMC 86-550, VMC 87-599, and PSR 00-161.

Chromosome configuration at diakinesis	VMC 86-550 (68; %)	VMC 87-599 (51; %)	PSR 00-161 (50; %)	Gametic chromosome number
40II		2 (3.92)	2 (4.00)	40
40II + 2I			1 (2.00)	41
41II		1 (1.96)		41
41II + 2I			3 (6.00)	42
42II			1 (2.00)	42
43II		1 (1.96)	2 (4.00)	43
40II + 8I			1 (2.00)	44
42II + 4I			1 (2.00)	44
43II + 2I		1 (1.96)	2 (4.00)	44
44II		2 (3.92)	2 (4.00)	44
43II + 4I		1 (1.96)	1 (2.00)	45
44II + 2I		1 (1.96)		45
45II		8 (15.69)	8 (16.00)	45
45II + 2I		2 (3.92)		46
46II		4 (7.84)	3 (6.00)	46
46II + 2I		1 (1.96)	1 (2.00)	47
47II	1 (1.47)	5 (9.80)	4 (8.00)	47
45II + 6I			1 (2.00)	48
46II + 4I			2 (4.00)	48
48II		4 (7.84)	1 (2.00)	48
48II + 2I			1 (2.00)	49
49II	1 (1.47)	2 (3.92)	2 (4.00)	49
48II + 4I		2 (3.92)		50
50II	4 (5.88)	3 (5.88)	4 (8.00)	50
50II + 2I	2 (2.94)		1 (2.00)	51
51II	12 (17.65)	3 (5.88)		51
51II + 2I	1 (1.47)			52
52II	10 (14.70)	1 (1.96)	2 (4.00)	52
52II + 2I			1 (2.00)	53
53II	1 (1.47)	1 (1.96)	1 (2.00)	53
54II	11 (16.18)			54
55II	11 (16.18)	1 (1.96)	1 (2.00)	55
56II	8 (11.76)	4 (7.84)		56
57II	2 (2.94)	1 (1.96)		57
58II	3 (4.41)		1 (2.00)	58
60II	1 (1.47)			60
Gametic chromosome number range (n)	47–60	40–57	40–58

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to the total number of cells observed and the relative frequency in percent.

Figure 7. Meiosis I cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×): (a–d) var. VMC 86-550: (a) diakinesis with 51II; (b) non-congression at metaphase I; (c) anaphase I with laggards; (d) telophase I with laggards. (e–h) var. VMC 87-599: (e) diakinesis with 45II; (f) non-congression at metaphase I; (g) anaphase I with laggards; (h) telophase I with laggards. (i–l) var. PSR 00-161: (i) diakinesis with 45II; (j) non-congression at metaphase I; (k) anaphase I with laggards; (l) telophase I with laggards.

Figure 8. Meiosis II cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×). (a–e) var. VMC 86-550: (a) prophase II with laggards and chromosome caught at the cell plate; (b) metaphase II; (c) anaphase II with laggards; (d) telophase II with laggards; (e) normal tetrad cells. (f–j) var. VMC 87-599: (f) prophase II with laggards; (g) metaphase II with laggards; (h) anaphase II with laggards; (i) telophase II with laggards; (j) tetrads with laggards.

Table 8. Chromosome configurations at diakinesis observed in Saccharum officinarum L. var. VMC 84-194, PHIL 89-43, and PSR 00-34.

Chromosome configuration at diakinesis	VMC 84-194 (50; %)	PHIL 89-43 (53; %)	PSR 00-34 (52; %)	Gametic chromosome number
40II			1 (1.92)	40
41II		5 (9.43)		41
42II		2 (3.77)		42
43II	1 (2.00)	4 (7.55)		43
44II	3 (6.00)	5 (9.43)		44
45II		10 (18.87)		45
46II	2 (4.00)	4 (7.55)		46
47II	2 (4.00)	6 (11.32)		47
48II	2 (4.00)	2 (3.77)	4 (7.69)	48
49II	2 (4.00)	8 (15.09)		49
50II	4 (8.00)	1 (1.89)	9 (17.31)	50
50II + 2I			2 (3.85)	51
51II	5 (10.00)	2 (3.77)	6 (11.54)	51
49II + 6I			1 (1.92)	52
51II + 2I			1 (1.92)	52
52II	7 (14.00)	1 (1.89)	6 (11.54)	52
52II + 2I			2 (3.85)
53II	9 (18.00)		6 (11.54)	53
54II	3 (6.00)		5 (9.62)	54
55II	3 (6.00)		4 (7.69)	55
56II	1 (2.00)	2 (3.77)		56
56II + 2I			1 (1.92)	57
57II	1 (2.00)	1 (1.89)	3 (5.77)	57
58II	5 (10.00)		1 (1.92)	58
Gametic chromosome number range (n)	43–58	41–57	40–58

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to the total number of cells observed and the relative frequency in percent.

Figure 9. Meiosis I cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×): (a–d) var. VMC 84-194: (a) binucleated cell with 53II; (b) non-congression at metaphase I; (c) anaphase I with laggards; (d) telophase I with laggards. (e–h) var. PHIL 89-43: (e) diakinesis with 45II; (f) metaphase I with laggards; (g) anaphase I with laggards; (h) telophase I with laggards. (i–l) var. PSR 00-34: (i) diakinesis with 50II; (j) metaphase I with tripolar spindle; (k) anaphase I with laggards; (l) telophase I with laggards.

Figure 10. Meiosis II cells of Saccharum officinarum L. (OIO, 1000×): (a–e) var. VMC 84-194: (a) prophase II with laggards; (b) metaphase II; (c) anaphase II with laggards; (d) telophase II; (e) normal tetrad cells. (f–j) var. PHIL 89-43: (f) prophase II with laggards; (g) non-congression at metaphase II; (h) anaphase II; (i) telophase II with laggards; (j) tetrads with laggards and chromosomes caught at the cell plate. (k–o) var. PSR 00-34: (k) prophase II with laggards; (l) metaphase II with laggards; (m) anaphase II with laggards; (n) telophase II with laggard; (o) normal tetrad cells.

Table 9. Pollen fertility ratings used in Philippine Sugar Research Institute (PHILSURIN).

Ratings	Pollen fertility (%)
0	0–9
1	10–19
2	20–29
3	30–39
4	40–49
5	50–59
6	60–69
7	70–79
8	80–89
9	90–99
10	100

Table 10. Pollen fertility in some recommended and released Philippine varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.).

Variety name	Female parent	Male parent
VMC 95-09 (1)	Q 90 (9)	Unidentified
PSR 97-45 (8)	VMC 74-292 (7)	CP 72-1312 (5)
PSR 00-343 (7)	VMC 84-947 (3)	Unidentified
PSR 00-161 (7.5)	VMC 86-550 (5)	VMC 87-599 (5)
PSR 00-34 (3)	VMC 84-194 (7)	PHIL 89-43 (5)

Note:

Values inside the parenthesis following the variety name refer to pollen fertility.

Engle LM, Luzaran RT, Villariez HP, Untal CH. 2012 Aug. The genealogy of PHILSURIN recommended and released sugarcane varieties. Paper Presented at: 2012 PHILSUTECH annual convention. Waterfront Hotel; Cebu City, Philippines.

 Google Scholar