Determination of phenolic compounds and assessment of the genotoxic and proliferative potential of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) fruits

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of meristematic cells of Allium cepa roots analysed at interphase and other stages of the cell cycle, including irregularities, as well as the mitotic indices (MI) for each treatment.

Treatment	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Cells analysed	8000	8000	8000	8000	8000
Interphase	7757	7611	7545	7561	7757
Prophase	101	201	205	206	102
Metaphase	65	19	24	55	51
Anaphase	37	7	21	11	12
Telophase	40	29	49	35	30
Cells with chromosomal alterations	0	133	156	132	48
MI (%)	3.04% ^b,*	4.6% ^c	5.69% ^a	5.49% ^a	3.04% ^b

Note

T1 = negative control (distilled water); T2 = yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Arroio Grande); T3 = yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Palma); T4 = red strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria); T5 = positive control (glyphosate 1%). *Numbers followed by different letters (a, b, c) differ significantly by χ², at the 5% level.

Figure 1. Irregularities found in the cells of Allium cepa under the treatments with Psidium cattleianum juices. (a) Cell with micronucleus treated with yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Palma) – T3. (b) Cell with bridges in telophase treated with red strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria) – T4. (c) Cells in apoptosis treated with the positive control – T5. Cells with irregular metaphases: (d, e) Treatment with yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Arroio Grande) – T2; (f) treatment T3; (g) treatment T4. Scale: 10 μm.

Table 2. Number and type of chromosomal irregularities found in Allium cepa root tips submitted to the distinct treatments and mean cell with alterations.

Treatment	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Total cells in division	243	389	455	439	243
Irregular metaphase (disorganized)	0	122	139	128	0
Chromosomal breakage/lost chromosome	0	11	12	2	16
Bridges in anaphase and telophase	0	0	4	1	13
Cells in apoptosis	0	0	0	0	19
Micronucleus	0	0	0	1	0
Cells with alterations (%)	0% ^a,*	34.2% ^b	34.1% ^b	30.1% ^c	19.8% ^d

Note

T1 = negative control (distilled water); T2 = yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Arroio Grande); T3 = yellow strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Distrito de Palma); T4 = red strawberry guava juice 125 g l⁻¹ (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria); T5 = positive control (glyphosate 1%). *Numbers followed by different letters (a, b, c, d) differ significantly by χ², at the 5% level.

Figure 2. Chromatographic profile of Psidium cattleianum juices: (a) Distrito de Arroio Grande (DAG); (b) Distrito de Palma (DP); (c) Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); UV detection at 327 nm. Gallic acid (peak 1), catechin (peak 2), chlorogenic acid (peak 3), caffeic acid (peak 4), ellagic acid (peak 5), epicatechin (peak 6), rutin (peak 7), quercitrin (peak 8), isoquercitrin (peak 9), quercetin (peak 10), and kaempferol (peak 11).

Table 3. Composition of phenolic compounds in Psidium cattleianum juice of three different accessions using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Compounds	Yellow strawberry guava juice (DAG)	Yellow strawberry guava juice (DP)	Yellow strawberry guava juice (UFSM)	LOD	LOQ
	mg.g^−1			g ml^–1
Gallic acid	0.826^b,*	1.206^a	0.906^c	0.012	0.030
Catechin	0.456^d	0.876^b	0.936^c	0.019	0.062
Chlorogenic acid	0.173^ef	0.166^d	0.133^f	0.031	0.101
Caffeic acid	0.213^e	0.220^d	0.206^e	0.025	0.083
Ellagic acid	0.170^ef	0.393^c	1.146^b	0.008	0.027
Epicatechin	1.146^a	0.846^b	1.283^a	0.027	0.089
Rutin	0.073^f	0.226^d	0.213^e	0.023	0.075
Quercitrin	0.710^c	0.373^c	1.126^b	0.014	0.045
Isoquercitrin	0.820^b	1.216^a	0.680^d	0.009	0.029
Quercetin	0.483^d	0.856^b	0.720^d	0.016	0.053
Kaempferol	0.146^ef	0.220^d	–	0.022	0.073
Total	5.216	6.598	7.349

Note

DAG – Distrito de Arroio Grande; DP – Distrito de Palma; UFSM – Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Results are expressed as mean of three determinations. LOD is the limit of detection and quantification LOQ is the limit. * Means followed by different letters (a, b, c, d, e, f) differ significantly by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).