Chromosome count, meiotic abnormalities, pollen fertility and karyotype of Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) Meld. (Family: Poaceae) from North-west Himalaya

Figures & data

Table 1. Data on analysed wild accessions covering collection sites, vouchers (PUN and BSD), gametic chromosome numbers (n) and pollen fertility (%) of Elymus semicostatus.

Accession number	Collection sites with altitude	Gametic chromosome number (n)	Pollen fertility (%)
PUN 61948	Sangamchatti-Agora, Uttarkashi, 1900 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	99
PUN 61969	Sangamchatti-Agora, Uttarkashi, 1950 m	14	98
PUN 61968	Agora-I, Uttarkashi, 2100 m	14	95
PUN 61949	Agora-II, Uttarkashi, 2200 m	14	98
PUN 61938	Bebra, Uttarkashi, 2250 m	14	88
PUN 61950	Agora-III, Uttarkashi, 2250 m	14	98
PUN 61966	Barsu I, Uttarkashi, 2250 m	14	90
PUN 61967	Barsu-Barnala Lake, Uttarkashi, 2300 m	14	99
PUN 61951	Dharkot, Uttarkashi, 2350 m	14	99
PUN 61970	Gangarh-Osla, Uttarkashi, 2400 m	14	88
PUN 61952	Dharkot, Uttarkashi, 2450 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	94
BSD 118147	Luj, Pangi, Chamba, 2450 m	14	99
BSD 118148	Leu, Pangi, Chamba, 2600 m	14, 14 + 0–2B	96
PUN 61971	Seema Bridge, Uttarkashi, 2700 m	14	99
PUN 61972	Seema-Osla, Uttarkashi, 2750 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	98
PUN 61973	Seema-Renugaad, Uttarkashi, 2800 m	14	95
PUN 61947	Renugaad, Uttarkashi, 2950 m	14	73
PUN 61940	Gangotri, Uttarkashi, 3100 m	14	87
PUN 61941	Kankhu, Uttarkashi, 3100 m	14	86
PUN 61974	Kalkati Dhar, Uttarkashi, 3100 m	14	95
PUN 61942	Kankhu, Uttarkashi, 3150 m	14	90
PUN 61943	Devgaad, Uttarkashi, 3150 m	14	95
PUN 61944	Devgaad, Uttarkashi, 3200 m	14	99
PUN 61976	Kalkati Dhar-Har Ki Dun, Uttarkashi, 3250 m	14	96
PUN 61939	Har Ki Dun, Uttarkashi, 3300 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	98
PUN 61975	Har Ki Dun, Uttarkashi, 3450 m	14	99
PUN 61945	Chirwasa, Uttarkashi, 3450 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	95
PUN 61946	Chirwasa, Uttarkashi, 3600 m	14, 14 + 0–1B	87

Table 2. Karyotype parameters of Elymus semicostatus.

Chromosome pair	l (μm)	s (μm)	c (μm)	r	Ci %	Type
1	7.11 ± 0.28	5.42 ± 0.35	12.52 ± 0.06	1.31	43.25	m
2	5.96 ± 0.01	4.83 ± 0.61	10.79 ± 0.59	1.23	44.79	m
3	5.12 ± 0.23	3.89 ± 0.13	9 ± 0.38	1.32	43.17	m^(sat)
4	4.85 ± 0.01	4.05 ± 0.74	8.9 ± 0.74	1.2	45.47	m
5	5.8 ± 0.25	2.89 ± 0.45	8.7 ± 0.70	2	33.29	sm
6	4.52 ± 0.13	4.13 ± 0.35	8.65 ± 0.47	1.09	47.76	m
7	3.97 ± 0.06	3.77 ± 0.18	7.74 ± 0.12	1.05	48.68	m
8	3.93 ± 0.02	3.48 ± 0.01	7.41 ± 0.01	1.13	46.92	m
9	3.83 ± 0.06	3.49 ± 0.30	7.32 ± 0.35	1.1	47.66	m
10	3.59 ± 0.26	3.12 ± 0.04	6.71 ± 0.31	1.15	46.51	m
11	4.53 ± 0.20	2.16 ± 0.01	6.69 ± 0.21	2.1	32.26	sm
12	3.71 ± 0.10	2.96 ± 0.63	6.67 ± 0.73	1.26	44.33	m
13	3.97 ± 0.18	2.19 ± 0.13	6.16 ± 0.31	1.81	35.57	sm
14	2.16 ± 0.00	1.66 ± 0.08	3.82 ± 0.07	1.31	43.38	m

Abbreviations: l, long arm; s, short arm; c, total length; r, arm ratio; Ci, centromeric index; m, metacentric; m^(sat) metacentric with satellite; sm, submetacentric.

Figure 1. Elymus semicostatus, mitosis 2n = 28. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 2. Elymus semicostatus, ideogram. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Table 3. Data of PMCs depicting B chromosomes, cytomixis and other meiotic abnormalities at different stages of meiosis.

	Percentage of PMCs (observed number/total number) at different meiotic stages with
	B-chromosome	Cytomixis			Chromatin bridges, laggards and micronuclei
Accession number	Diakinesis	Prophase-I	Metaphase-I	Anaphase-I	A-I/T-I	A-II/T-II
PUN 61938	–	18.68 (17/91)	5.77 (6/104)	–	7.94 (5/63)	6.25 (4/64)
PUN 61939	1.98 (2/101)	2.97 (3/101)	–	–	–	–
PUN 61941	–	2.34 (6/256)	18.22 (39/214)	0.92 (1/109)	21.10 (23/109)	10.64 (5/47)
PUN 61945	13.46 (7/52)	–	–	–	12.90 (8/62)	–
PUN 61946	10.61 (14/132)	2.27 (3/132)	–	–	10 (6/60)	2.56 (1/39)
PUN 61947	–	31.30 (41/131)	7.74 (13/168)	2.70 (3/111)	14.41 (16/111)	7.69 (4/52)
PUN 61948	4.16 (2/48)	–	–	–	–	–
PUN 61949	–	4.88 (4/82)	–	–	1.75 (1/57)	–
PUN 61950	–	5.17 (9/174)	–	–	–	–
PUN 61952	4.79 (7/146)	13.01 (19/146)	–	–	3.30 (3/91)	–
PUN 61966	–	–	3.85 (3/78)	–	8.70 (8/92)	–
PUN 61968	–	–	8.85 (10/113)	–	9.60 (7/73)	–
PUN 61970	–	4.79 (14/292)	11.26 (33/293)	1.57 (2/127)	3.94 (5/127)	18.29 (15/82)
PUN 61972	4.25 (4/94)	2.13 (2/94)	–	–	–	–
PUN 61973	–	7.37 (7/95)	–	–	2.44 (1/41)	–
PUN 61974	–	4.30 (8/186)	–	–	–	–
PUN 61975	–	2.42 (3/124)	–	–	–	–
PUN 61976	–	7.41 (10/135)	–	–	2.60 (2/77)	–
BSD 118148	14.11 (12/85)	5.71 (4/70)	–	–	–	–

Figure 3. Male meiosis in Elymus semicostatus: (a) a PMC at M–I with 14 bivalents; (b) a PMC at diakinesis with 14 bivalents and 1B-chromosome (14_II + 1B, arrowed); (c) a PMC with secondary association of bivalents at M–I (arrow); (d) PMCs showing migration of intact metaphase bivalents (arrow); (e) prophase PMCs showing cytomixis (arrow); (f) PMCs depicting whole nucleus migration (arrow); (g) PMCs with migration of metaphase bivalents to adjacent PMC (arrows); (h) PMC at M–I with precocious dysjunction of two chromosomes (arrows); (i) PMC at A–I with late disjunction of chromosomes (arrow); (j) PMCs with intense chromatin stickiness and multiple thick chromatin bridges (arrow); (k) lagging chromosomes at A–I (arrow); (l) extra chromatin as third pole at early T–I (arrow); (m) prophase-II meiocytes with 1–3 micronuclei (arrows); (n) regular sized fertile/stained and sterile/unstained pollen grain; (o) heterogeneous sized pollen grains. Scale bars = 10 μm.