The genetic structure and diversity of Gentiana lutea subsp. lutea (Gentianaceae) in Sardinia: further insights for its conservation planning

Figures & data

Figure 1. Geographic location of the subpopulations under study (see Table 1 for subpopulations codes and names) in the Gennargenteo biogeographical sector (CE-Sardinia).

Figure 2. Two-dimensional representation of the first two axes of the PCoA based on a matrix of Euclidean genetic distances. Percentage of variance accumulated on the first two axes = 43.66% (Axis 1 = 25.06%; Axis 2 = 18.61%). See Table 1 for subpopulations codes and names.

Table 1. Subpopulations characteristics and estimates of genetic diversity. n_a = number of alleles; n_e = effective allele number; I = Shannon’s information index; H_e = Nei’s genetic diversity; uH_e = Nei’s unbiased genetic diversity.

Subpopulation (code)	Mean coordinates (datum WGS84)	Size (individuals)	N	Fragpoly (%)	na (± SD)	ne (± SD)	I (± SD)	He (± SE)	uHe (± SE)
Agriturismo Separadorgiu (SP)	40°02ʹ N, 9°18ʹ E	< 50	8	167 (38.57%)	1.386 (± 0.487)	1.260 (± 0.382)	0.213 (± 0.289)	0.145 (± 0.010)	0.155 (± 0.010)
Angionadorgiu (AN)	40°00ʹ N, 9°19ʹ E	< 50	6	179 (41.34%)	1.413 (± 0.493)	1.308 (± 0.413)	0.243 (± 0.304)	0.168 (± 0.010)	0.183 (± 0.011)
Bruncu Spina (BS)	40°01ʹ N, 9°18ʹ E	< 50	6	157 (36.26%)	1.363 (± 0.481)	1.266 (± 0.387)	0.214 (± 0.294)	0.148 (± 0.010)	0.161 (± 0.011)
Funtana Cungiada (FC)	39°56ʹ N, 9°14ʹ E	51–100	7	161 (37.18%)	1.372 (± 0.484)	1.271 (± 0.390)	0.218 (± 0.295)	0.150 (± 0.010)	0.161 (± 0.011)
Nodu ‘e Littipori (NL)	40°04ʹ N, 9°20ʹ E	101–250	32	275 (63.51%)	1.635 (± 0.482)	1.392 (± 0.371)	0.342 (± 0.285)	0.229 (± 0.010)	0.233 (± 0.010)
Is Terre Molentes (IS)	40°02ʹ N, 9°19ʹ E	> 1000	22	279 (64.43%)	1.644 (± 0.479)	1.445 (± 0.394)	0.370 (± 0.294)	0.252 (± 0.010)	0.258 (± 0.010)
Punta Aspridda (PA)	40°03ʹ N, 9°16ʹ E	101–250	19	242 (55.89%)	1.559 (± 0.497)	1.376 (± 0.393)	0.315 (± 0.300)	0.214 (± 0.010)	0.220 (± 0.010)
Punta ‘e S’Abile (AS)	40°02ʹ N, 9°19ʹ E	251–500	13	217 (50.12%)	1.501 (± 0.500)	1.357 (± 0.402)	0.292 (± 0.306)	0.200 (± 0.010)	0.208 (± 0.011)
Punta Talesi (PT)	39°58ʹ N, 9°13ʹ E	< 50	7	161 (37.18%)	1.372 (± 0.484)	1.249 (± 0.371)	0.208 (± 0.284)	0.141 (± 0.010)	0.152 (± 0.010)
Rio Aratu (RA)	40°00ʹ N, 9°18ʹ E	< 50	6	137 (31.64%)	1.316 (± 0.466)	1.229 (± 0.373)	0.185 (± 0.282)	0.127 (± 0.010)	0.139 (± 0.010)
Su Nidu ‘e su Corbu (NC)	40°02ʹ N, 9°17ʹ E	101–250	22	251 (57.97%)	1.580 (± 0.494)	1.371 (± 0.382)	0.317 (± 0.292)	0.214 (± 0.010)	0.219 (± 0.010)
Trainu Ida Corbus (TC)	40°02ʹ N, 9°19ʹ E	101–250	12	238 (54.97%)	1.550 (± 0.498)	1.397 (± 0.410)	0.321 (± 0.308)	0.221 (± 0.010)	0.230 (± 0.011)
Trainu Murcunieddu (TM)	40°03ʹ N, 9°19ʹ E	> 1000	22	255 (58.89%)	1.589 (± 0.493)	1.385 (± 0.391)	0.324 (± 0.296)	0.220 (± 0.010)	0.225 (± 0.010)
Overall			182	327 (75.52%)	1.755 (± 0.430)	1.424 (± 0.361)	0.380 (± 0.260)	0.187 (± 0.003)	0.196 (± 0.003)

Table 2. Results of the AMOVA. df = degrees of freedom; SS = mean sum of squares; F_st = general fixation index.

Grouping	N	Source of variation	df	SS	Variance (%)	Fixation index
No groups	13	Among subpopulations	12	1357	12.27	Fst = 0.123 ***
		Within subpopulations	169	6587	87.73