A method for increasing 3D body scanning’s precision: Gryphon and consecutive scanning

Figures & data

Figure 1. Accuracy and precision’s relationship in body scanning measurements.

Four woman’s outlines measuring the hip-height, showing how accuracy and precision are related, but different terms in anthropometry. Four boxes, each containing a woman showing five scans measuring her hip-height. Box one shows high accuracy and low precision, with five scans at varying height, with the average resting at the correct hip height. Box two shows high accuracy and high precision, with five scans at the same height, with the average resting at the correct hip height. Box three shows low accuracy and low precision, with five scans at varying height, with the average resting above the correct hip height. Box four shows low accuracy and high precision, with five scans at the same height, with the average resting above the correct hip height.

Figure 2. Study tree. Assets from Muammark (2017).

A flow diagram showing how the study treats humans and body forms. Humans are allocated at random to be consecutively or non-consecutively scanned. Body forms are just scanned consecutively.

Figure 3. Illustration of the outlier removal process. Solid circles represent the five data points in the set. The solid blue line represents the median of the set. Dashed red box illustrates the symmetric window with the red data points included in the reduced set and the black points excluded.

Read the detailed description of this figure

Illustration of the outlier removal process. Five solid circles represent the five data points in the set. The solid blue line rising from the middle circle represents the median of the set. A dashed red box illustrates the symmetric window with three red data points included in the reduced set and two black outermost points excluded. An illustration showing four solid circles alone a line. Solid circles represent the five data points in the set. The middle three dots and red, and the two outside dots are black. A median point rises from the middle red dot. A dashed red box starts at the left-hand black dot and extends to the right-hand red dot. The dashed red box represents the range of data to include whose points Gryphon will be included within the scan data. The black dots are the outliers who Gryphon will remove from the scan data.

Table

Arm Length (right) Bust Circumference with drop Chest/Bust Circumference Collar/Mid Neck Circumference Hip Circumference Hips 8 inches Down from SOB OPT Waist

Hips 2 inches Above the Crotch Inseam Length (right) Neck Base Circumference Opt SoB Waist Seat Circumference Sleeve Length Under-bust Circumference Low Waist Circumference Pitched

Figure 4. Percentage of all measurements suitable for garment development; Precision = 3σ.

Read the detailed description of this figure

A bar chart comparing the percentage of non-consecutive and consecutive scanning methods. With standard data-handling, 0.8% of non-consecutive and 73.6% of consecutive scans produce measurements meet ISO 20685. With Gryphon data-handling, 21.5% of non-consecutive and 97.5% of consecutive scans produce measurements meet ISO 20685.

Figure 5. Gryphon + five Consecutive Scans against ANSUR I and II’s Allowable Errors.

Read the detailed description of this figure

A two-by-two grid with a 3D avatar of a woman in each quadrant. On each woman are yellow lines showing measurements that meet ANSUR I and II’s 121 Allowable Errors. Non-consecutive scanning with standard data-handling has one measurement meeting ANSUR. Consecutive scanning with Gryphon data-handling has 118 measurements meeting ANSUR. A two-by-two grid with a 3D avatar of a woman in each quadrant. On each woman are yellow lines showing measurements that meet ANSUR I and II’s 121 Allowable Errors. The lower-left quadrant for non-consecutive scanning with standard data-handling shows one measurement: 0.0%. The lower-right quadrant for consecutive scanning with standard data-handling shows 26 measurements: 21.5%. The top-left quadrant for non-consecutive scanning with Gryphon data-handling shows 89 measurements: 73.6%. The top-right quadrant for consecutive scanning with Gryphon data-handling shows 118: 97.5%.

Table 1. MANOVA, consecutive and non-consecutive precision differences categorised by their importance to garment development.

						Consecutive		Non-consecutive
Measurement	F(1, 95)	p	Partial eta^2		Power	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
[154] Hip 2” Above Crotch1	22.64	.000	.19		.99	.26	.14	.62	.41
[153] Hip 8” Down from SOB OPT Waist1	19.79	.000	.17		.99	.35	.19	.65	.36
[86] Seat Circumference [Tape]1	17.00	.000	.15		.98	.40	.19	.68	.35
[133] Axilla Chest Circumference [Tape]2	11.82	.001	.11		.93	.64	.52	.98	.50
[85] Hip Circumference [Tape]3	26.27	.000	.22		.99	.24	.13	.59	.37
[145] Hinged Upper Bust Circumference3	13.39	.000	.12		.95	.66	.34	1.02	.48

Table 2. MANOVA: Human and Body Form reliability differences categorised by their importance to garment development.

						Human		Body form
Measurement	F(1, 79)	p	Partial eta^2		Power	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
[72] Chest/ Bust Circumference [Tape]1	32.853	0.000	0.29		1	0.93	0.49	0.20	0.10
[153] Hips 8” Down From SOB OPT Waist1	32.135	0.000	0.29		1	0.65	0.34	0.12	0.08
[85] Hip Circumference [Tape]1	30.457	0.000	0.28		1	0.59	0.37	0.06	0.03
[74] Bust Circumference With Drop [Tape]1	28.366	0.000	0.26		1	0.79	0.42	0.21	0.12
[154] Hips 2” Above The Crotch1	25.345	0.000	0.24		1	0.62	0.41	0.08	0.05
[86] Seat Circumference [Tape]1	24.222	0.000	0.24		1	0.68	0.35	0.22	0.16
[75] Under-bust Circumference [Tape]1	17.057	0.000	0.18		0.98	1.05	0.59	0.40	0.21
[0] Collar/Mid Neck Circumference1	12.513	0.001	0.14		0.94	0.77	0.61	0.21	0.07
[76] Low Waist Circumference Pitched [Tape]1	10.817	0.002	0.12		0.90	0.78	0.48	0.36	0.22

Figure 6. A flow chart of Gryphon scanning process.

A flow chart with five boxes representing the Gryphon scanning process, taking five consecutive scans before running the Gryphon software. A flow chart with five boxes representing the Gryphon scanning process. First, use Gill et al.’s (2016) standard Body Scanning protocol. Second, the scan software captures five consecutive scans. Third, software applies Gryphon to remove two measurements. Four, software averages the remaining three measurements. Five, the software determines a precise anthropometric measurement.

Table A1. Body scanning precision (cm) of all investigated scan methods to 3 standard deviation, representing 99.73% of all attainable measurements.

			Standard scan protocol (3$\sigma$)		Gryphon scan protocol (3$\sigma$)
Measurement	Importance to garment development	Allowable error (cm)	Consecutive (cm)	Non-consecutive (cm)	Consecutive (cm)	Non-consecutive (cm)
[16] Arm Length L	1	0.6	6.8	60.6	0.3	0.6
[17] Arm Length R	1	0.6	16.5	7.5	0.9	1.8
[74] Bust Circumference with Drop [Tape]	1	1.5	2.6	3.6	0.3	0.9
[72] Chest/Bust Circumference [Tape]	1	1.5	5.1	4.8	0.3	0.9
[0] Collar/Mid Neck Circumference	1	0.6	4.9	6.0	0.6	0.6
[36] Crotch Height	1	1.0	0.8	5.7	0.0	0.6
[85] Hip Circumference [Tape]	1	1.2	0.4	2.4	0.0	0.3
[153] Hips 8 inches Down from SOB OPT Waist	1	1.2	0.7	2.7	0.0	0.3
[154] Hips 2 inches Above the Crotch	1	1.2	0.4	3.3	0.0	0.3
[40] Inseam Length L	1	1.0	0.8	5.4	0.0	0.6
[41] Inseam Length R	1	1.0	0.8	5.4	0.0	0.6
[1] Neck Base Circumference	1	1.1	11.1	34.8	0.6	0.9
[105] Opt SoB Waist [Tape]	1	1.1	1.8	38.1	0.3	0.6
[86] Seat Circumference [Tape]	1	1.2	0.8	2.7	0.0	0.6
[20] Sleeve Length L	1	0.6	6.8	349.5	0.3	0.6
[21] Sleeve Length R	1	0.6	19.5	7.5	0.3	0.9
[99] Subject Height	1	1.1	0.9	3.9	0.3	0.6
[75] Under-bust Circumference [Tape]	1	1.6	16.2	7.2	0.6	1.2
[76] Low Waist Circumference Pitched [Tape]	1	1.1	1.7	4.5	0.3	0.6
[84] Abdomen Circumference [Tape]	2	1.1	10.7	10.8	0.6	0.9
[88] X Bk Pit-to-Pit [Tape]	2	1.0	6.0	21	0.6	1.2
[178] Across Chest Arm to Arm Length	2	0.8	1.0	2.4	0.3	0.3
[133] Axilla Chest Circumference [Tape]	2	1.5	2.7	5.1	0.3	0.9
[11] Bust Width 1	2	1.0	1.9	3	0.3	0.3
[37] Crotch Length Full	2	1.6	4.4	15.9	0.9	1.8
[95] CB Length [CB Nk – Waist] [Tape]	2	0.5	3.4	3.3	0.3	0.3
[105h] Opt SoB Waist [Tape] CB Height	2	0.7	1.0	1.5	0.3	0.3
[42] Outside Leg Length L	2	0.4	1.3	3.0	0.3	0.6
[43] Outside Leg Length R	2	0.4	1.2	1.5	0.3	0.3
[3] Shoulder Length L	2	0.3	2.1	1.8	0.3	0.3
[4] Shoulder Length R	2	0.3	1.9	2.1	0.3	0.6
[12] SideNeck to Bust L [Tape]	2	0.8	3.0	3.0	0.3	0.6
[13] SideNeck to Bust R [Tape]	2	0.8	3.7	3.9	0.6	0.9
[33] Abdomen Rise	3	0.6	6.0	11.7	0.3	0.9
[172] Actual Ankle Circumference L	3	0.4	1.5	2.4	0.0	0.0
[173] Actual Ankle Circumference R	3	0.4	2.0	1.8	0.3	0.3
[174] Actual Knee Circumference L	3	0.4	20.9	49.5	0.3	1.5
[175] Actual Knee Circumference R	3	0.4	14.1	77.1	0.0	0.3
[91] Ankle Circumference L	3	0.4	1.6	1.8	0.0	0.3
[92] Ankle Circumference R	3	0.4	1.6	1.8	0.0	0.3
[97] CB Neck to CB Chest [Tape]	3	0.4	4.0	3.3	0.3	0.3
[100] CB Neck to Shoulder Blades [Tape]	3	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
[2] Bk Shoulder Width Horizontal	3	0.8	10.4	12.6	2.7	2.1
[89] Bicep Circumference L	3	0.8	0.9	4.5	0.3	0.3
[90] Bicep Circumference R	3	0.8	1.6	5.7	0.3	0.6
[54] Calf Circumference L	3	0.5	0.5	20.1	0.0	0.0
[55] Calf Circumference R	3	0.5	0.1	16.5	0.0	0.0
[102] CFNck-Crotch-CBNck	3	2.2	33.6	47.1	1.5	3.9
[122] Elbow Circumference L [Tape]	3	0.4	0.7	4.8	0.0	0.3
[123] Elbow Circumference R [Tape]	3	0.4	0.8	6.0	0.3	0.3
[115] Forearm Circumference L	3	0.5	0.5	70.8	0.0	0.3
[116] Forearm Circumference R	3	0.5	0.7	3.0	0.0	0.3
[38] Fr Vertical Rise	3	1.1	1.5	6.6	0.3	0.9
[149] High Hip Circumference [Tape]	3	1.2	1.1	4.5	0.3	0.3
[150] High Hip to SoB Waist Length	3	0.4	0.3	2.7	0.0	0.3
[145] Hinged Upper Bust Circumference	3	1.5	2.4	5.4	0.3	1.2
[48] Knee Circumference L	3	0.4	2.4	33.9	0.0	0.6
[49] Knee Circumference R	3	0.4	2.3	27.6	0.0	0.6
[151] Low Hip Circumference	3	1.2	0.4	2.7	0.0	0.3
[152] Low Hip to SoB Length	3	0.6	1.2	23.4	0.3	1.8
[46] Mid-Thigh Circumference L	3	0.6	0.8	6.3	0.0	0.3
[47] Mid-Thigh Circumference R	3	0.6	1.2	6.3	0.0	0.3
[56] Min Low Leg Circumference L	3	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.0
[57] Min Low Leg Circumference R	3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0
[170] Armhole Circumference Outer L [Pitch]	3	1.3	11.9	32.4	1.5	1.2
[171] Armhole Circumference Outer R [Pitch]	3	1.3	10.3	12	0.9	2.1
[83] Stomach Girth [Tape]	3	1.1	1.1	16.5	0.3	0.6
[44] Thigh Circumference L [2in down]	3	0.6	0.5	4.8	0.0	0.3
[45] Thigh Circumference R [2in down]	3	0.6	0.8	8.4	0.0	1.5
[93] Wrist Circumference L	3	0.5	0.7	3.6	0.3	0.3
[94] Wrist Circumference R	3	0.5	4.0	6.0	0.3	0.3
[117] Fr Crotch Length	3	0.6	1.1	3.6	0.3	0.3
[134] Bk Crotch Length	3	0.6	1.5	5.4	0.3	0.6
[72h] Chest/Bust Circumference [Tape] Height	3	0.9	3.7	2.4	0.0	0.3
[85h] Hip Circumference Height	3	0.7	0.4	10.5	0.0	1.2
[86h] Seat Circumference [Tape] Height	3	0.4	1.1	1.5	0.3	0.3
[84h] Abdomen Circumference Height	4	0.4	7.6	9.6	0.3	0.3
[176] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference L	4	0.6	5.1	7.8	0.3	2.1
[177] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference R	4	0.6	3.0	16.8	0.0	1.2
[14] Armhole Circumference L [Vert]	4	1.3	9.6	20.7	1.2	3.3
[15] Armhole Circumference R [Vert]	4	1.3	6.9	16.2	0.9	2.1
[18] Arm Under Length L	4	0.6	5.3	333.6.0	0.3	0.9
[19] Arm Under Length R	4	0.6	17.3	12	0.3	1.2
[162] Bk Vert Rise	4	0.6	1.5	6.6	0.3	0.9
[128] Chin Height	4	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.0	0.3
[122h] Elbow Circumference L [Tape] Height	4	0.7	0.9	577.8.0	0.0	1.2
[123h] Elbow Circumference R [Tape] Height	4	0.7	1.7	14.1	0.3	1.5
[81] Elbow Height Waist Circumference [Tape]	4	1.1	1.8	18	0.3	1.8
[56h] Min Low Leg Circumference L Height	4	0.3	2.9	2.7	0.0	0.3
[73] Over Arm Circumference [Tape]	4	2.2	2.6	24.3	0.3	3.0
[39] Seat Fold Height	4	0.6	0.4	3.3	0.0	0.3
[168] Shoulder Circumference	4	2.2	1.8	7.5	0.3	1.8
[168h] Shoulder Circumference Height	4	0.7	0.5	1.5	0.0	0.3
[44h] Thigh Circumference L [2in down] Height	4	1.0	0.8	5.7	0.0	0.6
[45h] Thigh Circumference R [2in down] Height	4	1.0	0.8	5.7	0.0	0.6
[50] Under Knee Circumference L	4	0.4	0.4	24.6	0.0	0.0
[51] Under Knee Circumference R	4	0.4	0.2	20.7	0.0	0.0
[50h] Under Knee Circumference L Height	4	0.6	0.3	2.7	0.0	0.3
[51h] Under Knee Circumference R Height	4	0.6	0.4	1.5	0.0	0.0
[76h] Low Waist Circumference Pitched [Tape] Height	4	0.4	1.0	1.5	0.3	0.3
[172h] Actual Ankle Circumference L Height	4	0.3	1.0	3.3	0.0	0.3
[173h] Actual Ankle Circumference R Height	4	0.3	1.1	1.2	0.3	0.0
[174h] Actual Knee Circumference L Height	4	0.6	32.8	22.8	0.3	2.1
[175h] Actual Knee Circumference R Height	4	0.6	15.2	70.8	0.0	0.9
[176h] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference L Height	4	0.6	8.3	6.6	0.3	0.6
[177h] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference R Height	4	0.6	3.4	17.1	0.0	0.3
[91h] Ankle Circumference L Height	4	0.3	1.0	2.4	0.0	0.3
[92h] Ankle Circumference R Height	4	0.3	1.0	2.4	0.0	0.3
[74h] Bust Circumference with Drop [Tape] Height	4	0.9	4.1	2.4	0.0	0.3
[54h] Calf Circumference L Height	4	0.6	1.1	1.8	0.3	0.3
[55h] Calf Circumference R Height	4	0.6	1.3	2.7	0.3	0.3
[48h] Knee Circumference L Height	4	0.6	2.8	3.6	0.0	0.3
[49h] Knee Circumference R Height	4	0.6	2.8	3.6	0.0	0.3
[83h] Stomach Girth [Tape] Height	4	0.7	15.8	18	0.0	0.6
[75h] Under-Bust Circumference [Tape] Height	4	0.9	5.4	8.7	0.3	0.3
[46h] Mid-Thigh Circumference L Height	4	0.6	0.8	3.6	0.0	0.3
[47h] Mid-Thigh Circumference R Height	4	0.6	0.8	3.6	0.0	0.3
[57h] Min Low Leg Circumference R	#N/A	0.5	3.1	2.4	0.0	0.3
[163] Upper Bust X Fr	#N/A	2.2	6.2	36.9	0.9	1.8
[234] Up Arm Circumference L	#N/A	0.5	1.7	3.6	0.3	0.6
[235] Up Arm Circumference R	#N/A	0.5	1.7	5.4	0.3	0.6

Highlighted cells show measurements that do not meet allowable error tolerances.

Table B1. Definition of measurement definitions used in our study (Sizestream 2019).

Measurement	Description
[0] Collar/Mid Neck Circumference	Contour circumference of the Neck column taken approximately at the larynx.
[1] Neck Base Circumference	Contour circumference of the base of the neck where it meets the shoulders. Circumference Front L&R and Back L&R quarter measurements are also available
[100] CB Neck to Shoulder Blades [Tape]	Distance measured along the silhouetted side contour of the body from the Back Neck landmark down to Shoulder Blade height.
[102] CFNck-Crotch-CBNck	The Centre Trunk Length measurement (#101) taken as a tape measure.
[105] Opt SoB Waist [Tape]	A user-configurable Tape measure circumference Waist measurement. See the manual section “Parameterized (Optimized) Waist Circumference” for details on configuring a custom waist measurement
[105h] Opt SoB Waist [Tape] CB Height	The height of measurement 105
[11] Bust Width 1	Point to point distance between the Bust Point Left and Bust Point Right
[115] Forearm Circumference L	Largest contour circumference of the lower Left arm, taken orthogonally to the lower arm axis.
[116] Forearm Circumference R	Largest contour circumference of the lower Right arm, taken orthogonally to the lower arm axis.
[117] Fr Crotch Length	Contour measurement taken across the front of the Hips, from the side landmarks
[12] SideNeck to Bust L [Tape]	Contour measurement between the Left Side neck point and the Left Bust point.
[122] Elbow Circumference L [Tape]	Tape measure circumference taken at the Left elbow.
[122h] Elbow Circumference L [Tape] Height	The height of measurement 122
[123] Elbow Circumference R [Tape]	Tape measure circumference taken at the Right elbow.
[123h] Elbow Circumference R [Tape] Height	The height of measurement 123
[128] Chin Height	Height of the Chin landmark.
[13] SideNeck to Bust R [Tape]	Contour measurement between the Right-Side neck point and the Right Bust point.
[133] Axilla Chest Circumference [Tape]	Horizontal tape measure circumference taken at Armpit height
[134] Bk Crotch Length	Contour measurement taken from the back waist height, over the maximum Seat prominence and then vertically to the floor.
[14] Armhole Circumference L [Vert]	Contour circumference that passes under the Armpit and vertically over the Shoulder. If the arm is pressed against the side of the torso, the measurement uses an estimate of the underarm contour taken at armpit height.
[145] Hinged Upper Bust Circumference	Contour circumference that goes through the armpit landmarks and over the chest The back of this measurements is taken horizontal to the floor, while the front finds the naturally shortest path across the top of the chest.
[149] High Hip Circumference [Tape]	Horizontal circumference at half the distance from the Crotch to the Left Point of the OPT Small of Back Waist. Requires OPT Waist enabled.
[15] Armhole Circumference R [Vert]	Contour circumference that passes under the Armpit and vertically over the Shoulder. If the arm is pressed against the side of the torso, the measurement uses an estimate of the underarm contour taken at armpit height.
[150] High Hip to SoB Waist Length	Point to point distance from High Hip to the Left Point of the OPT Small of Back Waist. Requires OPT Waist enabled.
[151] Low Hip Circumference	Maximum horizontal circumference between the Crotch and the Left Point of the OPT Small of Back Waist. Requires OPT Waist enabled.
[152] Low Hip to SoB Length	Point to point distance from Low Hip to the Left Point of the OPT Small of Back Waist. Requires OPT Waist enabled.
[153] Hips 8 inches Down from SOB OPT Waist	Horizontal circumference taken 8 inches below the Back Point of the OPT Small of Back Waist Requires OPT Waist enabled.
[154] Hips 2 inches Above the Crotch	Horizontal contour circumference taken 2 inches above Crotch landmark height.
[16] Arm Length L	Contour measurement of the length from the Left Shoulder point along the outside of the arm to the Left Wrist.
[162] Bk Vert Rise	Vertical distance from Crotch level to the Back Waist point level. Measurement goes through body.
[163] Upper Bust X Fr	Contour measurement between armpits across top of Bust
[168] Shoulder Circumference	Tape measure circumference taken at 65% of the vertical distance from the Bust points to Shoulder Points
[168h] Shoulder Circumference Height	Height of Measurement 168
[17] Arm Length R	Contour measurement of the length from the Right Shoulder point along the outside of the arm to the Right Wrist.
[170] Armhole Circumference Outer L [Pitch]	Girth under the Armpit and over the Shoulder (Armscye) is available as both vertical and tilted to the Shoulder Point as ArmHole Outer Circumference.
[171] Armhole Circumference Outer R [Pitch]	Girth under the Armpit and over the Shoulder (Armscye) is available as both vertical and tilted to the Shoulder Point as ArmHole Outer Circumference.
[172] Actual Ankle Circumference L	Tape circumferences of the Left Ankle at the bone.
[172h] Actual Ankle Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 172
[173] Actual Ankle Circumference R	Tape circumferences of the Left Ankle at the bone.
[173h] Actual Ankle Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 173
[174] Actual Knee Circumference L	Tape circumference of the Left Kneecap.
[174h] Actual Knee Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 174
[175] Actual Knee Circumference R	Tape circumference of the Right Kneecap.
[175h] Actual Knee Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 175
[176] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference L	Tape measure at mid-point between the Actual Knee and Thigh Circumference measurements.
[176h] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 176
[177] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference R	Tape measure at mid-point between the Actual Knee and Thigh Circumference measurements.
[177h] Actual Mid-Thigh Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 177
[178] Across Chest Arm to Arm Length	The minimum tape measure distance across the front of the bust as measured from the front armpit positions.
[18] Arm Under Length L	Point to point distance from the Left Armpit point to the Left Wrist.
[19] Arm Under Length R	Point to point distance from the Right Armpit point to the Right Wrist.
[2] Bk Shoulder Width Horizontal	Contour measurement from one Shoulder point to the other. Can be taken on the horizontal, at 45 degrees, or through the Back-Neck point.
[20] Sleeve Length L	Point to point distance from Back Neck point to the Left Shoulder point to the Left Wrist.
[21] Sleeve Length R	Point to point distance from Back Neck point to the Right Shoulder point to the Right Wrist.
[234] Up Arm Circumference L	Tape circumference of the Left arm taken at armpit height along the upper arm axis.
[235] Up Arm Circumference R	Tape circumference of the Right arm taken at armpit height along the upper arm axis.
[3] Shoulder Length L	Point to point distance from the Left Side Neck point to the Left Shoulder point.
[33] Abdomen Rise	The centred front point on the primary selected waist circumference
[36] Crotch Height	Height of the Crotch landmark.
[37] Crotch Length Full	Tape measure from the Front Waist level to the Crotch to the Back Waist level.
[38] Fr Vertical Rise	Vertical distance from Crotch landmark height to the Front Waist landmark height.
[39] Seat Fold Height	Vertical distance from the lowest part of the buttock to the floor.
[4] Shoulder Length R	Point to Point distance from the Right-Side Neck point to the Right Shoulder point.
[40] Inseam Length L	Point to point measurement from the Crotch landmark to the inside of the Left Foot at the floor.
[41] Inseam Length R	Point to point measurement from the Crotch landmark to the inside of the Right Foot on the floor.
[42] Outside Leg Length L	Contour measurement of the body from the Left Side Waist landmark down to Hip Circumference height and then vertically to the floor.
[43] Outside Leg Length R	Contour measurement of the body from the Right Side Waist landmark down to Hip Circumference height and then vertically to the floor.
[44] Thigh Circumference L [2in down]	Contour circumference of the Left Leg measured 2 inches below the Crotch landmark.
[44h] Thigh Circumference L [2in down] Height	Height of Measurement 44
[45] Thigh Circumference R [2in down]	Contour circumference of the Right Leg measured 2 inches below the Crotch landmark.
[45h] Thigh Circumference R [2in down] Height	Height of Measurement 45
[46] Mid-Thigh Circumference L	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Left leg mid-point between the Knee and Thigh Circumference.
[46h] Mid-Thigh Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 46
[47] Mid-Thigh Circumference R	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Right leg mid-point between the Knee and Thigh Circumference.
[47h] Mid-Thigh Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 47
[48] Knee Circumference L	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Left leg at the averaged height of both knee caps.
[48h] Knee Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 48
[49] Knee Circumference R	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Right leg at the averaged height of both knee caps.
[49h] Knee Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 49
[50] Under Knee Circumference L	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Left leg beneath the knee cap.
[50h] Under Knee Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 50
[51] Under Knee Circumference R	Horizontal contour circumference taken on the Right leg beneath the knee cap.
[51h] Under Knee Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 51
[54] Calf Circumference L	Maximum contour horizontal circumference of the Left Leg above the ankle and below the knee.
[54h] Calf Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 54
[55] Calf Circumference R	Maximum contour horizontal circumference of the Right Leg above the ankle and below the knee.
[55h] Calf Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 55
[56] Min Low Leg Circumference L	Minimum contour horizontal circumference of the Left Leg above the ankle and below the knee.
[56h] Min Low Leg Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 56
[57] Min Low Leg Circumference R	Minimum contour horizontal circumference of the Right Leg above the ankle and below the knee.
[57h] Min Low Leg Circumference R	Height of Measurement 57
[72] Chest/Bust Circumference [Tape]	Horizontal tape circumference measured across the fullest part of the Chest. Found between the height of the armpits and the underbust.
[72h] Chest/Bust Circumference [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 72
[73] Over Arm Circumference [Tape]	Horizontal tape circumference measured around the upper arms.
[74] Bust Circumference with Drop [Tape]	The Bust with Drop circumference (#9) measurement taken as a tape measure.
[74h] Bust Circumference with Drop [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 74
[75] Under-bust Circumference [Tape]	The Underbust circumference measurement (#10) taken as a tape measure.
[75h] Under-Bust Circumference [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 75
[76] Low Waist Circumference Pitched [Tape]	The Waist Circumference measurement (#22) taken as a tape measure.
[76h] Low Waist Circumference Pitched [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 76
[81] Elbow Height Waist Circumference [Tape]	The Elbow Waist circumference measurement (#28) taken as a tape measure.
[83] Stomach Girth [Tape]	The Stomach Max Circumference measurement (#30) taken as a tape measure.
[83h] Stomach Girth [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 83
[84] Abdomen Circumference [Tape]	The Abdomen Circumference measurement (#31) taken as a tape measure.
[84h] Abdomen Circumference Height	Height of Measurement 84
[85] Hip Circumference [Tape]	The Hip Circumference measurement (#34) taken as a tape measure.
[85h] Hip Circumference Height	Height of Measurement 85
[86] Seat Circumference [Tape]	The Seat Circumference measurement (#35) taken as a tape measure.
[86h] Seat Circumference [Tape] Height	Height of Measurement 86
[88] X Bk Pit-to-Pit [Tape]	Tape measure measurement taken horizontally across the back of the Chest between the back-armpit points.
[89] Bicep Circumference L	Largest circumference of the upper Left arm taken along the axial cross section of the arm.
[90] Bicep Circumference R	Largest circumference of the upper Right arm taken along the axial cross section of the arm.
[91] Ankle Circumference L	Circumference of the lower Left leg taken at the average height of both ankle bones
[91h] Ankle Circumference L Height	Height of Measurement 91
[92] Ankle Circumference R	Circumference of the lower Right leg taken at the average height of both ankle bones
[92h] Ankle Circumference R Height	Height of Measurement 92
[93] Wrist Circumference L	Circumference at the Left Wrist joint below the bone. This measurement is dependent on the subject gripping the handholds during scanning.
[94] Wrist Circumference R	Circumference at the Right Wrist joint below the bone. This measurement is dependent on the subject gripping the handholds during scanning.
[95] CB Length [CB Nk – Waist] [Tape]	Distance from Back Neck landmark to centre Back Waist landmark measured along the contour of the back.
[97] CB Neck to CB Chest [Tape]	Distance measured along the contour of the body from Back Neck landmark to the Back-Chest landmark height.
[99] Subject Height	Height of the tallest point of the subject. (Note that this measures to the top of hairstyles, so may not reflect a person's actual height)

Muammark. 2017. “People Icon Collection.” Freepik. https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/people-icon-collection_1157380.htm#page=1&query=people&position=12.

 Google Scholar

Sizestream. 2019. SS20 Measurements and Landmark Definitions. Cary: Sizestream. https://36ea04d8-2eb1-48d8-884c-7e4182662bc9.filesusr.com/ugd/e15f31_c485b05f1f2c4057b199909e1c24d8c9.pdf.

 Google Scholar