Impedance and Modulus Spectroscopy of a Novel Ferroelectric Ceramics Based on Barium Titanate

Abstract

A lead-free solid solution BaTiO₃ and BaTi_0.90Hf_0.10O₃ were prepared by a conventional technology. The structure and morphology of the investigated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impedance and modulus spectroscopic analyses were carried out. The obtained values of the electric modulus (M”) and impedance (Z”) were presented. The grain and grain boundary relaxation times were evaluated. The activation energies were also calculated.

Keywords:

• Barium hafnium titanate
• lead-free solid solution
• electric properties