Figures & data
Pollen data for Areca Sect. Microareca, acetolysed pollen.
Erdtman's (Citation1969) shape classes adapted to express shape of equatorial outline in monosulcate pollen (Equatorial long axis (EL) divided by equatorial short axis (el)).
Pollen data for Sclerosperma, acetolysed pollen.
Species included, or affiliated to Sect. Microareca (incl. synonomy).
Some monocotyledons with triaperturate pollen.
10–19. Sclerosperma spp. 10–12. Close ups to show range of exine types (SEM): (10) S. mannii Gillett, 279, coarsely perforate; (11) S. mannii Tuley s.n., reticulate; (12) S. gilletii Profizi, 84102, rugulate. 13–15. S. mannii Gillett, 279, (LM): (13) pollen in polar view, in mid focus; (14) ibid. in high focus; (15) semi-thin section of unacetolysed pollen grains, stained with toluene blue; note high proportion of “empty” pollen exines. (16) S. mannii Gillett, 279, close up of pore, unacetolysed pollen grain, with operculum in place (SEM). (17) S. mannii Gillett, 279, polar views of two acetolysed pollen grains (SEM): distal face (left), proximal face (right). (18) S. mannii Hall & Enti, GC36150: ultrathin TEM section to show pore with operculum in situ (arrow). (19) S. mannii Gillett, 279, ultrathin TEM section of unacetolysed pollen; note poor preservation of cellular material. LM Figs.: ×150 (in 15); ×1000 (in 13, 14). In SEM & TEM Figs. scale bars: 2.5 μm (in 10–12, 16 & 18); 10 μm (in 17, 19).
28–37. Other zonosulcate Areca pollen. 28, 29. A. chaiana Mohtar et al., S.49276 (SEM): (28) group of pollen grains at low magnification to show consistency of zonosulcate condition; (29) pollen grain in presumed equatorial view. 30. A. abdulrahmanii Jermy, 13702, pollen grain in presumed equatorial view (SEM). 31. A. chaiana Chai, S.33986, ultrathin section of acetolysed pollen grain (TEM). 32, 33. A. chaiana Mohtar et al., S.49276 (TEM): (32) ultrathin section through zonosulcus, presumed equatorial plane of unacetolysed grain; note thick and channelled intine I, and narrow, homogeneous intine II; (33) ultrathin section, presumed polar plane. (34) A. chaiana Chai, S.33986, pollen grain in high focus (LM). (35) A. andersonii Anderson, S.31937, pollen grain in high-mid focus (LM). (36, 37) A. abdulrahmanii Jermy, 13702; unacetolysed pollen grain (LM): (36) presumed equatorial view, mid-low focus; (37) presumed polar view, mid-low focus. LM Figs.: ×1000 (in 34–37). In SEM/TEM Figs. scale bars: 10 μm (in 29–33); 25 μm (in 28).
1–9. Areca klingkangensis Dransfield, JD6103, triporate pollen: (1) grain in presumed polar view (SEM); (2) aberrant pollen grain showing 5 of the 6 aperture sites, note larger size of grain, cf. 7–8 (LM); (3) group of grains at low magnification to show consistency of triporate condition (SEM); (4) ultrathin section of pollen grain, polar plane (TEM); (5) ultrathin section through pore, polar plane, note thickened and channelled intine in aperture region and narrow, non-acetolysis resistant, dark-staining layer underlying foot layer (TEM); (6) close up of unacetolysed grain showing aperture and intine “plug” in situ; (7, 8) LM of the whole grain: (7) high focus, (8) low focus; (9) ultrathin section of acetolysed pollen, polar plane; note very reduced ectexinous membrane over aperture, and absence of non ectexinous material in non apertural region (TEM). LM Figs. ×1000 (in 2, 7, 8). In SEM & TEM Figs. scale bars: 2.5 μm (in 5, 6, 9); 10 μm (in 1, 4); 25 μm (in 3).
20–27. Areca klingkangensis George, S.42803, zonosulcate pollen: (20) unacetolysed pollen grain tilted, showing presumed equatorially oriented aperture, and one polar face (SEM); (21) unacetolysed pollen grain, presumed polar view, note interruptions (arrows) to sporoderm (LM); (22) unacetolysed pollen grain, presumed equatorial view (LM); (23) very oblique ultrathin section (TEM) through part of zonosulcus (top), and non-apertural exine (bottom); (24) close up to show small ektexinous “hinge” (arrow), linking the two halves of the pollen grain (SEM); (25) ultrathin section through non-apertural wall, note narrow non-acetolysis resistant dark-staining layer, underlying foot layer cf. close similarity of ectexine stratification with (TEM); (26) ultrathin section through zonosulcus, presumed equatorial plane, note thick and channelled intine I, and narrow, homogeneous intine II, unacetolysed (TEM); (27) group of pollen grains at low magnification to show consistency of zonosulcate condition (SEM). LM Figs.: ×1000 (in 21, 22). In SEM/TEM Figs. scale bars: 2.5 μm (in 24–26); 10 μm (in 20, 23); 25 μm (in 27).
38–43. Areca minuta Dransfield, JD5339: (38) unacetolysed monosulcate pollen grain, oblique polar view, distal face (SEM); (39) tri- and monosulcate pollen grains, polar views, distal faces (LM); (40) group of pollen grains at low magnification showing proportionate representation of mono- versus trichotomosulcate grains within the sample (LM); (41) unacetolysed trichotomosulcate pollen grain, distal face (SEM); (42) ultrathin section of unacetolysed pollen grain (TEM); (43) ultrathin section through sulcus of unacetolysed whole pollen grain, note thick and channelled intine I, and narrow, homogeneous intine II; cf. close similarity of ectexine stratification with (TEM). LM Figs.: ×150 (in 40); ×1000 (in 39). In SEM/TEM Figs. scale bars: 2.5 μm (in 43); 10 μm (in 38, 41, 42).
