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Original Articles

Intelligence and Hypnotizability: Is There a Connection?

Intelligenz und Hypnotisierbarkeit : Gibt es einen Zusammenhang?

Intelligence et susceptibilité hypnotique : Existe-t-il un lien?

Inteligencia y susceptibilidad hipnótica : ¿Existe una conexión?

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Pages 310-329 | Received 19 Apr 2013, Accepted 28 Apr 2013, Published online: 16 May 2014
 

Abstract

Ninety-two high school and 8 secondary school students, aged between 15 and 19 years, were tested for intelligence and for hypnotic susceptibility. No correlations could be observed for the overall sample unselected by sex because the negative correlations for male participants canceled out the positive correlations for the female subsample. These are significant for the total value of intelligence (r = .288) and highly significant for the subcategory verbal intelligence (r = .348), yet nonsignificant for the subcategories numerical intelligence and figural intelligence. Females seem to be more able to imaginatively process semantic contents induced verbally. They also seem to have a higher task motivation than males—at least during adolescence.

Abstrakt

100 Sekundarstufenschüler zwischen 15 und 19 Jahren wurden auf Intelligenz und Hypnotisierbarkeit getestet. Es konnten keine Korrelationen für die Gesamtstichprobe, männlich und weiblich, beobachtet werden, da die negativen Korrelationen für männliche Teilnehmer die positiven Korrelationen für die weibliche Untergruppe aufhoben. Letztere sind signifikant für den absoluten Wert der Intelligenz (r = 0,228) und hochsignifikant für die Unterkategorie verbale Intelligenz (r = 0,348), jedoch nichtsignifikant für die Unterkategorien numerische und figurale Intelligenz. Frauen scheinen eher in der Lage zu sein, verbal mitgeteilten semantischen Inhalt imaginativ zu verarbeiten. Außerdem scheinen sie eine höhere Motivation zur Aufgabenlösung zu haben als Männer; zumindest als Jugendliche.

Stephanie Reigel, MD

Résumé

Cent élèves du secondaire, âgés entre 15 et 19 ans, ont subi des tests d’intelligence et de susceptibilité hypnotique. Aucune corrélation n’a été observée pour l’échantillon global non sélectionné en fonction du sexe parce que les corrélations négatives des participants de sexe masculin ont été compensées par les corrélations positives observées pour le sous-échantillon composé de filles. Ces résultats sont significatifs pour la valeur totale de l’intelligence (r = .288) et hautement significatifs pour la sous-catégorie d’intelligence verbale (r = .348), mais non significatifs pour les sous-catégories d’intelligence numérique et d’intelligence figurale. Les filles semblent avoir plus de faciliter à traiter de façon imaginative le contenu sémantique donné verbalement. Elles semblent aussi avoir une motivation à la tâche plus élevée que les participants de sexe masculin, du moins durant l’adolescence.

Johanne Reynault

C. Tr. (STIBC)

Resumen

Se evaluaron la inteligencia y habilidad hipnótica de 92 alumnos de preparatoria y 8 de secundaria, con edades entre 15 y 19 años. No se observaron correlaciones en la muestra total sin controlar el sexo de los participantes, porque las correlaciones negativas para los hombres se cancelaron con las correlaciones positivas en la submuestra de las mujeres. Estas resultaron significativas para le puntuación total de inteligencia (r = 0.288) y muy significativas para la subcategoría de inteligencia verbal (r = 0.348), sin embargo no fueron significativas para las subcategorías de inteligencia numérica o de figuras. Las mujeres parecen tener mayor habilidad para procesar imaginativamente contenidos semánticos inducidos verbalmente. También parecen tener mayor motivación hacia la tarea que los hombres -por lo menos durante la adolescencia.

Omar Sánchez-Armáss Cappello, PhD

Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico

Notes

1. 1In Bavaria, Germany, Year 12 is the students’ last year at school.

2. 2Further, note that senior classes are graded by points (0–15) instead of marks (1–6), and—most important—points are scaled opposite to marks; 0 represents the worst point value whereas 1 is the best possible mark. Because we collected school marks from Grades 10 through 12 in both types of schools (Gymnasium and Realschule), we needed to transform the scores to enable comparisons. Therefore, points were transformed into decimal numbers (one point equals 0.3 grading keys) so that 14 points represent 1.0, 13 points represent 1.3, etc.

3. 3The manual of the I–S–T 2000 R (Amthauer et al., Citation2001) specifies that high school students of the same age as our sample perform on average 17 raw score points better than non-high school students. This is about 9 to 10 standard values that in turn equal 13.5 to 15 IQ points. In the manual of the CFT 20–R (Weiß, Citation2008), which is one of the most frequently used intelligence tests, IQ scores are reported specific to German school types as follows: Gymnasium: 109.2; Realschule: 103.3; secondary modern school: 91.4; Hauptschule (vocational school): 91; special needs school: 77.

4. 4Interestingly, this very relationship is presented by females when intelligence and hypnotizability scores are treated as ordinal data: here, the significance level is only marginally missed by p = .065.

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