Interaction of Hemoglobin Vesicles, a Cellular-Type Artificial Oxygen Carrier, with Human Plasma: Effects on Coagulation, Kallikrein-Kinin, and Complement Systems

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of liposomes

Liposomes	Diameter (nm)	Zeta potential (mV)
DPPG-HbVs	239.7	−14.5
PEG-DPPG-HbVs	221.7	−3.4
PEG-DPEA-HbVs	209.9	−2.6
EL-A	162.0	−47.2

Table 2. Plasma coagulation activity as measured by PT and APTT

		Mixture ratio (additives:plasma)
	Additives	0:100	20:80	40:60	60:40
PT	Saline	10.2 ± 0.17	10.6 ± 0.19	11.9 ± 0.20	15.1 ± 0.32
(sec)	DPPG-HbV	10.3 ± 0.26	10.8 ± 0.16	11.9 ± 0.19	14.5 ± 0.27
	PEG-DPPG-HbV	10.2 ± 0.17	10.8 ± 0.18	11.8 ± 0.21	14.7 ± 0.25
	PEG-DPEA-HbV	10.2 ± 0.20	10.8 ± 0.16	11.8 ± 0.20	14.7 ± 0.25
APTT	Saline	30.2 ± 0.63	29.3 ± 0.51	31.8 ± 0.58	40.8 ± 0.63
(sec)	DPPG-HbV	30.3 ± 0.33	28.1 ± 0.12	31.3 ± 0.21	38.8 ± 0.37
	PEG-DPPG-HbV	30.0 ± 0.38	27.7 ± 0.20	30.4 ± 0.18	38.4 ± 0.34
	PEG-DPEA-HbV	30.0 ± 0.47	29.0 ± 0.44	31.2 ± 0.43	40.8 ± 0.63

Data are represented as the mean ± SEM using plasma from five individuals.

*Significantly different from saline (p < 0.05).

Figure 1 Activation of kallikrein-kinin cascade by HbVs. HbVs or saline were mixed with plasma as indicated ratio (v/v) at 37°C for 24 h. Appearance of digested S-HMWK was detected using western blot analysis as a result of kallikrein activation. Arrows indicate digested S-HMWK. A typical result of three independent assays is shown. H, S-HMWK; dH, digested S-HMWK; lanes 1, 5 and 9, saline; lanes 2, 6 and 10, DPPG-HbV; Lanes 3, 7 and 11, PEG-DPPG-HbV; lanes 4, 8 and 12, PEG-DPEA-HbV.

Figure 2 Consumption of complement by HbVs. HbVs, saline or EL-A were mixed with serum as indicated ratio (v/v) at 37°C for 24 h. A: Data are represented as the mean ± SEM using serum from five individuals. *Significantly different from saline (p < 0.05). B: Representative data are shown using one serum.