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International Journal of Neuroscience Volume 132, 2022 - Issue 10
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Original Articles

Fibrinogen isoforms as potential blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease using a proteomics approach

Siti Hajar Rehimana Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
,
Siong Meng Lima Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
,
Fei Tieng Lima Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
,
Ai-Vyrn Chinb Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
,
Maw Pin Tanb Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-8540
ORCID Icon,
Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzamanb Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
,
Kalavathy Ramasamya Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
&
Abu Bakar Abdul Majeeda Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
 show all
Pages 1014-1025 | Received 09 May 2020, Accepted 13 Nov 2020, Published online: 15 Dec 2020
 
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Abstract

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the commonest form of dementia which is characterized by progressive decline in cognitive function, can only be definitively diagnosed after death. Although biomarkers may aid diagnosis, currently available AD biomarkers, which are predominantly based on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging facilities, are either invasive or costly. Blood-based biomarkers for AD diagnosis are highly sought after due to its practicality at the clinic. This study was undertaken to determine the differential protein expression in plasma amongst Malaysian AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-AD individuals.

Methods: A proteomic approach which utilized two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2 D DIGE) was performed for blood samples from 15 AD, 14 MCI and 15 non-AD individuals.

Results: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification via MALDI ToF/ToF showed that fibrinogen-β-chain (spot 64) and fibrinogen-γ-chain (spot 91) with differential expression ratio >1.5 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in AD patients when compared to non-AD individuals. Further data analysis using Pearson correlation found that the upregulated fibrinogen-γ-chain was weakly but significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with cognitive decline.

Conclusion: Fibrinogen isoforms may play important roles in the vascular pathology of AD as well as neuroinflammation. As such, fibrinogen appears to be a promising blood-based biomarker for AD. Further validation of the present findings in larger population is now warranted.

Acknowledgments

The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia is thanked for the financial support under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) - UiTM [RMI/FRGS 5/3 (61/2012)] and Long Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) – UiTM-[600-RMC/LRGS 5/3 (002/2019)].

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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