Enabling collaboration on digital platforms: a study of digital twins

Figures & data

Table 1. Overview of the platform types and their characteristics.

	Internal platform	Supply-chain platform	Industry platform
Level of analysis	Company	Supply-chain	Industry ecosystem
Degree of openness	Closed interfaces	Selectively open and closed interfaces	Open interfaces
Accessible innovation capabilities	Company capabilities	Supply-chain capabilities	Unlimited number of external sources
Control mechanisms	Managerial hierarchy	Contracts between supply-chain companies	Ecosystem governance
Literature	Dobrescu, Merezeanu, and Mocanu (2019); Gawer and Cusumano (2013); Gawer (2014)	Gawer (2014); Vachálek et al. (2017)	de Reuver, Sørensen, and Basole (2018); Eloranta et al. (2016); Gawer and Cusumano (2013); Gawer (2014)

Figure 1. The structure of digital twins.

Figure describes the structure of digital twins (relation of virtual entity, physical entity, real-time data.

Figure 2. Overview of the collaboration around digital twins.

Figure showing actors and collaboration around digital twins.

Figure 3. Thematic map of collaboration challenges.

Thematic map with codes, sub-themes and themes of collaboration challenges.

Figure 4. Thematic map of collaboration strategies.

Thematic map with codes, sub-themes and themes of collaboration strategies.

Figure 5. Contingency framework for successful collaboration on digital platforms in the manufacturing industry.

Contingency framework showing which collaboration strategies fit to which collaboration challenges on digital platforms in the manufacturing industry.

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Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.