https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3213-9563
Figures & data
Figure 1. Literature review process.
A 4-steps diagram of the systematic literature review that includes studies selection to extract papers, studies evaluation to process selected studies, papers scanning and analysis and reporting the result.
Table 1. Summary of the review protocol.
Figure 2. Theoretical framework of CLSS 4.0drivers and barriers.
A simple diagram to show the integration of the circular economy, Lean Six Sigma and Industry 4.0 as a central loop with one square in the left as Drivers and one square in the right as barriers without mentioning any specific driver or barrier.
Table 2. CLSS4.0 drivers and barriers identified from the literature.
Figure 3. Research design.
A simple diagram to indicate four steps of the research design with literature review as the first step, case study as the second step, data collection and analysis as the third step, and finding, discussion and conclusion as the final step.
Table 3. Characteristics of companies involved in the study.
Figure 4. Driving factors of CLSS4.0 adoption.
Diagram of ten driving factors of the integration of the circular economy, Lean Six Sigma and Industry 4.0 with each driving factor is connected to the integration in the centre.
Figure 5. Summarised thematic analysis.
A diagram with having expected benefits, regulatory and market factors and sustainability efforts as driving themes and ecosystem support human resources and technology resources as barriers themes linked to financial, operational, economic, organisational, technological and regulatory dimensions.
Figure 6. Barriers factors of CLSS4.0 adoption.
Diagram of ten barrier factors of the integration of the circular economy, Lean Six Sigma and Industry 4.0 with each driving factor is connected to the integration in the centre.
Table 4. Summary of the participants’ recommendations.
Figure 7. Conceptual framework supporting CLSS4.0 integrated approach.
A framework with circular economy strategies, Lean Six Sigma methodology and Industry 4.0 technologies in the centre with indication of boosting enablers and removing barriers to get viable and sustainable operations capabilities.
Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [A.Sh]. The data are not publicly available due to restrictions.