Patterns of Social Ties, Trust, and Participation after the Fall of the Iron Curtain: New Findings from Central and Southeast European Countries

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 Trends in per capita gross domestic product in selected CSE countries compared to bordering south and central European countries (in current US $).

TABLE 1 Economic Indicators Across Countries and Time (Rounded Values)

Indicators	RUS	HU	Sl	SK	CZ	CR	IT	GR	GER	AT
Unemployment rates %^1
∅ 1991–1999	10	10	7	13	5	11	11	9	8	4
∅ 2000–2009	8	7	6	16	7	13	8	10	9	5
∅ 2010–2016	6	9	9	13	6	15	11	23	5	5
Gini coefficient after taxes and transfers^2
∅ 1990–1999	37	30	22	20	23	29	33	33	27	26
∅ 2000–2009	37	28	23	26	25	26	33	33	28	27
∅ 2010–2014	33*	29	26	26	25	29	32	33	29	29
Foreign direct investment (net inflows, % of GDP per capita)^3
∅ 1992–1999	0.7	6.3	0.9	1.2	3.9	2.9	0.3	0.8	0.6	1.0
∅ 2000–2009	2.5	14.8	2.5	6.0	5.7	5.2	1.1	0.7	2.9	6.3
∅ 2010–2015	2.1	0.6	1.4	2.0	3.3	2.7	0.7	0.7	1.7	0.4
Social Spending (as % of per capita GDP)^3
1990	12	–	22	19	15	21	20	17	22	24
1995	11	25	23	19	17	17	20	18	27	27
2000	10	21	22	18	19	23	23	19	27	27
2005	13	23	21	16	19	19	25	21	27	27
2012/2013	16	22	24	18	22	21	28	22	26	28

¹World Bank.

²Solt (2016), Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) Version 5_1.

³World Social Protection Report ILO 2014/15.

Country abbreviations: RUS = Russia, HU = Hungary, Sl = Slovenia, SK = Slovak Republic, CZ = Czech Republic, CR = Croatia, IT = Italy, GR = Greece, GER = West- and East Germany, AT = Austria.

Note: Gini coefficients for Russia were corrected downward in the latest version of SWIID. In this version Ginis above 40 are reported in 1994–96 and in 2000.

TABLE 2 Democratic Indicators Across Countries and Time

Indicators	RUS	HU	SI	SK	CZ	CR	IT	GR	GER	AT
Stability of democratic institutions (from 1 = low to 10 = high)^1
2006	5.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	9.5	–	–	–	–
2010	5.0	8.5	10.0	9.5	10.0	8.5	–	–	–	–
2016	2.5	7.5	9.5	8.5	9.5	8.5	–	–	–	–
Political participation (in %)^2
∅ 1990–1999	–	35.6	39.8	55.7*	51.5*	–	49.8	30.2	64.7	39.2
∅ 2000–2009	–	31.2	33.8	42.3	37.1	30.8	44.4	28.7	54.1	37.6
∅ 2010–2014	–	24.4	33.2	40.0	35.2	28.5	41.6	26.5	50.3	34.0
Voter turnout (in %)^3
∅ 1990–1999	59.0	63.7	79.8	85.2	82.8	76.3	85.5	79.7	79.7	83.8
∅ 2000–2009	59.7	69.1	64.7	62.4	61.3	66.0	81.8	74.2	75.9	80.5
∅ 2010–2016	54.0	63.1	58.7	59.2	61.0	55.9	75.2	63.1	71.5	74.9

¹BTI: Bertelsmann Transformation Index.

²Democracy Barometer.

³IDEA: Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.

Country abbreviations: RUS = Russia, HU = Hungary, Sl = Slovenia, SK = Slovak Republic, CZ = Czech Republic, CR = Croatia, IT = Italy, GR = Greece, GER = West- and East Germany, AT = Austria.

Note: SK, CZ: available data from 1993.