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Hive product science

Influence of geographic origin, plant source and polyphenolic substances on antimicrobial properties of propolis against human and honey bee pathogens

Influencia del origen geográfico, la fuente vegetal y las sustancias polifenólicas en las propiedades antimicrobianas del propóleos contra patógenos humanos y de las abejas melíferas

, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 588-597 | Received 31 Aug 2016, Accepted 11 Jul 2017, Published online: 25 Sep 2017
 

Abstract

Natural honey bee products, especially propolis are well known for their biological properties. However, less well known are the impact of propolis’ single phenolic substances and variation across different landscapes, geographic locations and botanical origins. Here, we determined the chemical composition of propolis samples collected in different geographic areas of Romania with a continental climate. Main groups of polyphenols, as well as individual phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids), were identified and quantified. The antimicrobial activity of propolis ethanolic extracts and some of the most important propolis phenolics (caffeic and ferulic acid, pinocembrin, chrysin and galangin) were evaluated against different bacterial species. Analyzing the interaction of bacterial growth inhibition and different chemical parameters, revealed that flavone/flavonol, flavanone/dihydroflavonol, chrysin and galangin are largely responsible for the propolis’ antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were mostly inhibited by galangin, caffeic acid and naringenin. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the propolis samples might be explained by the botanical sources present in the specific foraging areas. The highest amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids were measured in regions where deciduous forests were dominant to coniferous, or where large areas of willow could be observed.

Los productos naturales de abejas, especialmente el propóleos, son bien conocidos por sus propiedades biológicas. Sin embargo, es menos conocido el impacto de las sustancias fenólicas únicas del propóleos y su variación en diferentes paisajes, localizaciones geográficas y orígenes botánicos. Aquí, se determinó la composición química de las muestras de propóleos recogidas en diferentes zonas geográficas de Rumania con un clima continental. Se identificaron y cuantificaron grupos principales de polifenoles, así como fenólicos individuales (ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides). Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos etanólicos de propóleos y algunos de los fenoles de propóleos más importantes (ácido cafeico y ferúlico, pinocembrina, crisina y galangina) frente a diferentes especies bacterianas. El análisis de la interacción entre la inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano y diferentes parámetros químicos reveló que la flavona/flavonol, la flavanona/dihidroflavonol, la crisina y la galangina son en gran parte responsables de la actividad antimicrobiana del propóleos contra las bacterias Gram-positivas. Las bacterias Gram-negativas fueron inhibidas principalmente por la galangina, el ácido cafeico y la naringenina. La composición química y la actividad antimicrobiana de las muestras de propóleos podrían ser explicadas por las fuentes botánicas presentes en las áreas de alimentación específicas. Las mayores cantidades de polifenoles y flavonoides se midieron en regiones donde los bosques caducifolios eran dominantes con coníferas, o donde se podían observar grandes áreas de sauces.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank R F A Moritz for scientific advice, fruitful discussions and also for facilitating the research within the RoBeeTech project as project director. We are grateful to A Buttstedt, B H Conlon for critical linguistic suggestions and helpful comments.

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