Strategy of Development on Zeolite Membrane for Forward Osmosis Operation; Effects of Structural Parameter of Support Layer and Si/Al Ratio of ZSM-5 Layer on Water Flux

Figures & data

Figure 1. Photograph of membrane cell and zeolite membrane.

Figure 2. Typical FE-SEM images of porous α-Al₂O₃ support. Surface of (a)S_A, (b)S_B, (c)S_C, (d) S_D and (e)S_E; Cross-section of (f)S_A, (g)S_B, (h)S_C, (i) S_D and (j)S_E.

Table 1. Properties of porous α-Al₂O₃ supports.

	Porosity ε / -	Pore radius r / nm	Thickness L / mm	Permeance πN2 / 10^−6 mol m^−2 s^−1 Pa^−1	Tortuosity τ / -	Structural parameter S / mm
SA	0.27	35	1.50	0.141	1.15	6.38
SB	0.37	100	1.50	1.32	1.36	5.52
SC	0.35	100	1.50	1.40	1.21	5.51
SDsubstrate	0.48	350	1.46	16.0	1.45	4.56
SDsurface	0.37	100	0.04		1.36
SE	0.48	350	1.50	19.7	1.45	4.53

Figure 3. XRD patterns of prepared membranes. ZSM-5 membrane on (a) S_A, (b) S_B, (c) S_C, (d) S_D and (e) S_E; (f) Silicalite-1 membrane on S_D.

Figure 4. Typical FE-SEM images of prepared zeolite membranes. Surface and cross-section of ZSM-5 membrane on (a,g)S_A, (b,h)S_B, (c,i)S_C, (d,j) S_D and (e,k)S_E. Surface (f) and cross-section (l) of silicalite-1 membrane on S_D.

Figure 5. Water and salt fluxes through (a) ZSM-5 membranes and (b) polymeric membranes a function of structural parameters of support. Closed and open keys represented water and salt flux, respectively. In Figure 5(a) ○, S_A; □, S_B; ▵, S_C; ◊, S_D; ▿, S_E. In Figure 5(b) ○, Al₂O₃; □, polysulfone; ▵, polyphenylsulfone; ◊, polyether sulfone; ▿, polyvinylidene fluoride.

Table 2. Properties of hollow fiber α-Al₂O₃ supports.

	Porosity ε / -	Pore radius r / nm	Thickness L / mm	Permeance π / 10^−6 mol m^−2 s^−1 Pa^−1	Tortuosity τ / -	Structural parameter S / mm	References
HF-1	0.46	130	0.15	62.4(N2)	0.65	0.20	Min et al. 2019
HF-2	0.35	195	0.16	85.0(H2)	1.43	0.65	Yang et al. 2019

Table 3. Water and salt fluxes through ZSM-5 and Silicalite-1 membranes.

	Si Al ratio / -	Water flux / L m^-2 h^-1	Salt flux / mg m^-2 h^-1
ZSM-5	18.6	1.52	15.3
Silicalite-1	>1,000	<0.0	<2.0

Min B, Yang S, Korde A, Kwon YH, Jones CW, Nair S. 2019. Continuous zeolite MFI membranes fabricated from 2D MFI nanosheets on ceramic hollow fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 58:8201–8205. doi: 10.1002/anie.201903554.

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