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Economic Instruction

Teaching the COVID-19 lockdown using the Keynesian Cross

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Figures & data

Figure 1. Percent price changes from preceding month for Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE), United States, January 2000–May 2020.

Figure 1. Percent price changes from preceding month for Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE), United States, January 2000–May 2020.

Figure 2. Personal savings as a percentage of personal disposable income. Monthly, United States, January 2000–May 2020.

Figure 2. Personal savings as a percentage of personal disposable income. Monthly, United States, January 2000–May 2020.

Figure 3. The Keynesian Cross with a concave consumption function.

Figure 3. The Keynesian Cross with a concave consumption function.

Figure 4. Summary of assumptions about the model environment before the lockdown.

Figure 4. Summary of assumptions about the model environment before the lockdown.

Figure 5. AS-AD diagram with a shock to supply, and a resulting decline in demand.

Figure 5. AS-AD diagram with a shock to supply, and a resulting decline in demand.

Figure 6. The Keynesian Cross of sector 2 in which expenditure from sector 1 workers in sector 2 is treated as exogenous.

Figure 6. The Keynesian Cross of sector 2 in which expenditure from sector 1 workers in sector 2 is treated as exogenous.

Figure 7. The two-sector Keynesian Cross and the result of a lockdown.

Figure 7. The two-sector Keynesian Cross and the result of a lockdown.

Figure 8. Investment in sector 1 and sector 2 as a function of the interest rate.

Figure 8. Investment in sector 1 and sector 2 as a function of the interest rate.

Figure 9. The IS-curve shifts by more than a fraction, ϕ, as the result of a lockdown.

Figure 9. The IS-curve shifts by more than a fraction, ϕ, as the result of a lockdown.

Figure A1. The Keynesian Cross of sector 2 with autonomous consumption, in which expenditure from sector 1 workers in sector 2 is treated as exogenous and disappears in a lockdown.

Figure A1. The Keynesian Cross of sector 2 with autonomous consumption, in which expenditure from sector 1 workers in sector 2 is treated as exogenous and disappears in a lockdown.