Motor Deficits Associated With Mild, Chronic Hyponatremia: A Factor Analytic Study

ABSTRACT

Chronic hyponatremia (CHN) has traditionally been considered asymptomatic. If symptoms are observed, they are often mistakenly attributed to the underlying disorder. However, in recent studies neuropsychological deficits have been associated with CHN. The authors sought to determine the association between CHN and motor deficits. They used previously collected data, and 41 subjects with hyponatremia were included. An exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) was performed (eigenvalues >1.0). Factor scores were generated for each subject based on the resultant PCA factor structure. Finally, partial correlations were computed to measure the degree of association between baseline serum sodium concentration [Na+] and individual neuropsychological factor scores with the effect of age removed. All significance tests were performed using 2-tailed comparisons with alpha level of p ≤ .05. A 3-factor model emerged accounting for 70.17% of the total variance, including 1 factor that loaded primarily with motor speed and reaction time. A significant correlation was observed between this motor factor and serum [Na+] (r = –.477, p = .002). These findings add to previous observations suggesting that CHN is associated with subtle yet harmful motor deficits.

Keywords:

• chronic hyponatremia
• motor deficits
• volume regulation
• cerebral edema

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. Cesare Orlandi and Dr. Amber Salzman for providing access to the data. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Richard Gorsuch for providing guidance in statistical analysis.