Structural comparisons of isomorphic breeding nests between closely allied spiders Cheiracanthium japonicum and Cheiracanthium lascivum (Araneae: Eutichuridae)

ABSTRACT

Closely allied spider species Cheiracanthium japonicum and Cheiracanthium lascivum make a closed breeding nest for egg laying and parental care. The nest provides the internal climatic stability required for suitable development of eggs and the physical durability required for protection against intruders. Although the breeding nests of these two spiders are quite similar in structure and appearance, their climatic stability and physical durability seem to be empirically different. Such physical features of the nests of these two spiders were compared based on a balance between the inner and outer air temperature and humidity of the nest as well as on the amount and size of spider silks lining the nest. In addition, the female’s relative energy allocation to egg production versus nest construction was examined based on the number or weight of eggs versus the climatic stability and physical durability of the nest. According to the results, the stability of temperature and humidity was maintained better in the breeding nest of C. japonicum than in that of C. lascivum. Furthermore, the nest of C. japonicum was more strongly constructed, with a greater volume and size of silks, than that of C. lascivum. On the other hand, the number or weight of eggs in relation to the female’s body weight in C. japonicum was smaller than that in C. lascivum. These results suggested that the reproductive effort towards nest construction for the purpose of egg and juvenile care in C. japonicum was larger than that in C. lascivum. In contrast, the effort towards egg production in C. japonicum was smaller than that in C. lascivum. Consequently, it is likely that the structural differences in breeding nests between these two spiders are responsible for the discrepancies in the female’s relative energy allocation to nest construction.

KEYWORDS:

• Nest structure
• parental care
• reproductive effort
• Cheiracanthium japonicum
• Cheiracanthium lascivum

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Masahiro A. Iwasa and Tomoyoshi Nishimura of Nihon University for their helpful comments on the ecological study of spiders. We are especially indebted to Yutaka Hironaka of Okinawa Institute for the Conservation of the Environment Co. Ltd for his invaluable advice regarding our field research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.