Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram, systematic review of depression and anxiety among bisexual people.

Table 1. Characteristics of Studies Included in a Meta-Analysis of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People (N = 52)

Characteristic	n (%)
Country
United States	36 (69.2)
Canada	7 (13.5)
Australia/New Zealand	7 (13.5)
Europe/United Kingdom	2 (3.8)
Sample type
Population based	24 (46.2)
Convenience sampling: LGBTQ venues	15 (28.8)
Convenience sampling: non-LGBTQ venues	6 (11.5)
Networked sampling method	3 (5.8)
More than one sampling method	2 (3.8)
Sampling method not reported	2 (3.8)
Bisexual definition
Identity	41 (78.8)
Behavior	4 (7.7)
Attraction	7 (13.5)
Age^1
Adolescent (participants aged < 18)	7 (13.5)
Young adult (age range approximately 18–30 years)	18 (34.6)
Adult (age range extending beyond 30 years)	29 (55.8)
Older adult (participants aged > 50 years)	2 (3.8)
Gender
Female only	16 (30.8)
Male only	8 (15.4)
Genders pooled	15 (28.8)
Genders stratified	13 (25.0)
Included a gay/lesbian comparison group	49 (94.2)
Included a heterosexual comparison group	33 (63.5)
Number of bisexual participants	Mean	Range
	318.12	22–2,456
Data collection year	Median	Range
	2009	1991–2014

1 Some studies reported estimates for more than one age category, so the numbers total more than 52/100%.

Figure 2. Standardized mean difference (SMD), continuous measures of current depression, bisexual compared with lesbian/gay groups.

Figure 3. Standardized mean difference (SMD), continuous measures of current depression, bisexual compared with heterosexual groups.

Figure 4. Odds ratio, binary indicators of current depression, bisexual compared with lesbian/gay groups.

Figure 5. Odds ratio, binary indicators of current depression, bisexual compared with heterosexual groups.