Experiences of Online Racialized Sexual Discrimination among Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States: Online Survey Data from Keeping It LITE

Figures & data

Table 1. Study sample demographics (n = 2,166).

	N, Col. (%)
Age M (SD) and Group	25.1 (4.7)
30–34 25–29 20–24 18–19 13–17	437(20.2) 714(33.0) 736(34.0) 183(8.4) 96(4.4)
Gender Identity
Cisgender man Non-binary, non-conforming, and other Transgender man Transgender woman	1,769(81.7) 244(11.3) 117(5.4) 36(1.7)
Orientation
Gay Queer, pansexual, and other Bisexual Straight	1,517(70.0) 387(17.9) 250(11.5) 12(0.6)
Race/Ethnicity
White Latina/x/o Black Asian/PI Other (including American Indian/Native Alaskan)	1,124(51.9) 438(20.2) 265(12.2) 102(4.7) 237(10.9)
HIV Status
HIV- HIV- using PrEP or PEP HIV+	1,455(67.2) 640(29.5) 71(3.3)
Urban-Rural County Type
Large central metro Large fringe metro Medium metro Small metro Micropolitan Non-core	1,321(61.0) 310(14.3) 286(13.2) 144(6.6) 71(3.3) 34(1.6)
U.S. Region
Midwest South Northeast West	1,116(51.5) 481(22.2) 276(12.7) 293(13.5)

Table 2. Experiences of Online RSD in the Past 6 Months By Race/Ethnicity and Gender (n=2166)

	Erotic Objectification: Been objectified online because of your race/ethnicity? n = 783; N Row (%)		Exclusion: Seen profiles that say that members of your race/ethnicity are not desired or preferred? n = 239; N Row (%)		Rejection: Been rejected or ignored online because of your race/ethnicity? n = 196; N Row (%)		Degradation: Seen online profiles that say something derogatory towards members of your race/ethnicity? n = 118; N Row (%)		I have not seen or experienced this online. n = 830 N Row (%)		Univariate, B(SE)/ OR (95% CI) Reported RSD vs Did Not Report (p <.001)
Race/Ethnicity & Gender
Cisgender Men White Latina/x/o Black Asian and Pacific Islander Other Transgender and nonbinary White Latina/x/o Black Asian and Pacific Islander Other	123 183 156 63 97 19 49 39 15 39	13.4 49.6 73.9 73.3 53.3 9.4 71.0 72.2 93.8 70.9	134 35 16 3 19 21 7 1 0 3	14.5 9.5 7.6 3.5 10.4 10.3 10.1 1.9 5.5	69 44 21 12 26 14 3 5 0 2	7.5 11.9 10.0 14.0 14.3 6.9 4.3 9.3 3.6	59 24 5 2 8 12 3 4 0 1	6.4 6.5 2.4 2.3 4.4 5.9 4.3 7.4 1.8	536 83 13 6 32 137 7 5 1 10	58.2 22.5 6.2 7.0 17.6 67.5 10.1 9.3 6.3 18.2	Ref. 4.80 21.20 18.56 6.53 0.67 12.33 13.64 20.88 6.26	(3.64-6.33) (11.92-37.73) (8.01-42.99) (4.36-9.77) (0.49-0.93) (5.58-27.24) (5.39-34.56) (2.75-158.76) (3.12-12.59)

Table 3. Correlates of experiencing online RSD in the past 6 months (participants of color only; n = 1,042).

	Have Experienced Online RSD, n = 885, N Row (%)	Have Not Experienced Online RSD, n = 157, N Row (%)	Univariate, B(SE)/OR (95% CI)	Multivariable, B(SE)/OR (95% CI)
Demographics
Age M (SD)	24.8 (4.7)	24.1 (5.1)	0.03 (0.02)	0.04 (.02)
Gender Identity
Cisgender man Non-binary, non-conforming, and other Transgender man Transgender woman	714(84.2) 113(89.7) 42(85.7) 16(84.2)	134(15.8) 13(10.3) 7(14.3) 3(15.8)	Ref. 1.63 (0.89–2.98) 1.13 (0.50–2.56) 1.00 (0.29–3.48)	Ref. 1.21 (0.61–2.38) 0.46 (0.17–1.23) 0.35 (0.08–1.43)
Sexual Orientation
Gay Queer, Pansexual, etc. Bisexual Straight	588(83.9) 172(91.0) 117(81.8) 8(88.9)	113(16.1) 17(9.0) 26(18.2) 1(11.1)	Ref. 1.94 (1.14–3.33)* 0.86 (0.54–1.38) 1.54 (0.19–12.41)	Ref. 1.76 (0.94–3.33) 1.04 (0.61–1.77) –
Urban-Rural County Type
Large central metro Other county types	588(84.7) 297(85.3)	106(15.3) 51(14.7)	0.95 (0.66–1.37) Ref.	0.81 (0.55–1.21) Ref.
Mental Health Status
Everyday Discrimination Scale: M (SD)	10.2 (9.7)	5.2 (7.6)	0.07 (0.01)***	0.07 (.01)***
Primary Care-PTSD Screen: M (SD)	0.8 (1.4)	0.5 (1.2)	0.17 (0.07)*	0.05 (.08)
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised: M (SD)	10.4 (7.3)	9.4 (7.2)	0.02 (0.01)	−0.01 (.01)
Did you have an emotionally/physically violent experience with a partner?
Yes No	422(87.4) 463(82.8)	61(12.6) 96(17.2)	1.43 (1.01–2.03)* Ref.	1.07 (0.73–1.57) Ref.
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS)
Acceptance Concerns: M (SD)	4.3 (1.5)	4.0 (1.6)	0.14 (0.06)*	0.09 (.07)
Concealment Motivation: M (SD)	4.2 (1.5)	4.1 (1.4)	0.07 (0.06)	0.10 (.07)
Identity Uncertainty: M (SD)	2.4 (1.5)	2.5 (1.6)	−0.03 (0.06)	−0.09 (.08)
Internalized Homonegativity: M (SD)	2.7 (1.7)	2.8 (1.8)	−0.03 (0.05)	−0.06 (.07)
Difficult Process: M (SD)	3.9 (1.5)	3.7 (1.5)	0.08 (0.06)	0.03 (.07)
Identity Superiority: M (SD)	3.1 (1.6)	2.9 (1.7)	0.11 (0.06)*	0.06 (.06)
Identity Affirmation: M (SD)	3.9 (1.0)	3.8 (0.9)	0.08 (0.09)	0.05 (.12)
Identity Centrality: M (SD)	2.9 (0.8)	2.8 (0.9)	0.17 (0.10)	0.03 (.13)
Sexual Behaviors and Experiences
Level of Sexual Risk^a
High Low	401(85.5) 484(84.5)	68(14.5) 89(15.5)	1.08 (0.77–1.53) Ref.	0.91 (0.63–1.33) Ref.
Have most of your partners been the same race/ethnicity as yours?
Yes No	98(89.1) 787(84.4)	12(10.9) 145(15.6)	1.50 (0.81–2.81) Ref.	1.65 (0.85–3.19) Ref.

* p < .05, ** p < .01, ***p < .001; ^aLevel of sexual risk determined by HIV-related Sexual Risk Behaviors reported at screening. High risk indicated by 2 or more of the following in the past 6 months: a) inconsistent condom use, b) HIV-positive sexual partner, and/or c) bacterial STI.