Growth Motivation as a Moderator of Behavioral Self-Handicapping in Women

ABSTRACT

Behavioral self-handicapping is a strategy used to protect attributions about ability. People behaviorally self-handicap by creating an obstacle to their success so failure is attributed to the obstacle instead of to their ability. Although past research has observed behavioral self-handicapping exclusively in men, the current research revealed a moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women: growth motivation, which reflects the desire to develop one's abilities and learn from failure. Participants (N = 100) completed a test purportedly predictive of successful careers and relationships, and some were given failure feedback about their performance. Participants could behaviorally self-handicap by choosing to complete another test in a performance-impairing environment. Although men self-handicapped more overall, women self-handicapped more after failure when they were low in growth motivation. These results highlight a novel moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women.

Keywords:

• gender differences
• growth motivation
• self-evaluation
• self-handicapping
• sex differences

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank and credit Charles E. Kimble, who passed away in 2009, for his assistance on this project.