Abstract
As known, electron vacuum polarisation by nuclear Coulomb field produces the Uehling potential with the range . Similarly, neutrino vacuum polarisation by the Z boson field produces a long-range potential
with a very large range
. Measurements of macroscopic effects produced by the potential
give limits on the effective interaction constant
which exceed Fermi constant
by many orders of magnitude, while limits from the spectroscopy of simple atomic systems are approaching the Standard Model predictions. In this paper, we consider limits on
from hydrogen, muonium, positronium, deuteron and molecular hydrogen. Constraints are also obtained on fifth force parameterised by Yukawa-type potential mediated by a scalar particle.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
![](/cms/asset/691f2a90-fdda-47a0-b6c2-377fff420358/tmph_a_2160385_uf0001_oc.jpg)
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).