Feeding value and fermentation characteristics of ensiled sugar beet wet distillers for fattening Holstein steers

Figures & data

Table 1 Ingredient composition for the control, sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend (USTMR), and SBWDJS inoculated with Amylomyces rouxii silage blend (ASTMR) treatment diets and the chemical composition of individual components, SBWDJS, wheat straw and wheat bran, used to make the silage blends.

	Diets
	Control	USTMR	ASTMR
Ingredients (% of DM)
Timothy hay	16.6	7.7	7.7
US silage	0	15.4	0
AS silage	0	0	15.4
Concentrate (% of concentrate pellet, DM base)	83.4	76.9	76.9
Corn, rolled	65	65	65
Wheat bran	18	18	18
Soybean meal, 48% CP	5	5	5
Lucerne Pellets	5	5	5
Defatted rice bran	5	5	5
Calcium carbonate	1.5	1.5	1.5
Feed additives^1	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chemical composition (g/kg DM, unless stated otherwise)
Items	SBWDJS	Wheat straw	Wheat bran
DM	15.0	884.0	889.0
CP	280.0	152.0	43.0
ADF	117.0	148.0	483.0
NDF	66.0	462.0	777.0
EE	140.0	53.0	19.0
Ash	186.0	59.0	116.0

SBWDJS, sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles; ADF, acid detergent fibre; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fibre. Control, TMR + timothy hay; USTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran; and ASTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg A. rouxii.

¹ Feed additives: each 1 g contains 1500 IU vitamin A, 150 IU vitamin D3, 2 mg vitamin E 50%, 300 µg of vitamin B1, 300 µg of vitamin B2, 300 µg of vitamin B6, 300 µg of vitamin K3 50%, 218 µg of manganese oxide, 435 µg of ferrous sulphate, 15.5 µg of copper oxide, 138.5 µg of zinc oxide, 2.2 µg of potassium iodide, 0.9 µg of sodium selenite.

Table 2 Nutrient chemical composition over time of two ensiled blends, a sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend without inoculation (US) and with Amylomyces rouxii inoculation (AS) on a dry matter basis.

		Treatment				P value
Items (g/kg)	D of ensiling	US	AS	D mean	SEM	T	D	T × D
DM	0	365.0	382.5	373.8	15.7	0.17	0.12	0.14
	7	342.0	348.8	345.4	15.7
	14	360.5	327.5	344.0	15.7
	28	421.0	350.5	385.8	15.7
	42	401.0	352.5	376.8	15.7
	T mean	352.4	377.9		12.9
CP	0	103.8	112.0	107.9^xy	7.0	0.58	0.04	0.94
	7	111.3	118.5	114.9^xy	7.0
	14	115.5	123.5	119.5^x	7.0
	28	117.5	113.5	115.5^xy	7.0
	42	91.5	98.0	94.8^y	7.0
	T mean	113.1	107.9		6.7
EE	0	33.5	31.3	32.4	3.1	0.92	0.58	0.74
	7	34.5	32.0	33.3	3.1
	14	39.0	31.5	35.3	3.1
	28	33.5	35.5	34.5	3.1
	42	24.8	33.3	29.0	3.1
	T mean	32.7	33.1		2.5
ADF	0	361.8	347.5	354.6	16.1	0.54	0.06	0.37
	7	371.5	332.8	352.1	16.1
	14	361.0	337.3	349.1	16.1
	28	347.5	358.8	353.1	16.1
	42	403.5	399.8	401.6	16.1
	T mean	355.2	369.1		15.5
NDF	0	656.0	639.3	647.6	14.6	0.48	0.09	0.84
	7	646.0	625.0	635.5	14.6
	14	641.3	613.5	627.4	14.6
	28	633.8	644.8	639.3	14.6
	42	684.3	668.3	676.3	14.6
	T mean	638.2	652.3		13.9
Ash	0	90.8	96.0	93.4	4.6	0.32	0.06	0.99
	7	90.3	98.5	94.4	4.6
	14	95.0	102.5	98.8	4.6
	28	94.5	101.2	97.9	4.6
	42	105.8	112.0	108.9	4.6
	T mean	102.1	95.3		4.7

ADF, acid detergent fibre; CP, crude protein; D, day; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; T, treatment. AS, blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg A. rouxii (on an as-fed basis); US, blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

^a,b Means in the same row (T mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

^x,y,z Means in the same column (d mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 3 Fermentation characteristics over days of two ensiling blends of for sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend (US) and SBWDJS inoculated with Amylomyces rouxii silage blend (AS) on a dry matter basis.

		Treatment				P value
Items	D of ensiling	US	AS	D mean	SEM	T	D	T × D
pH	0	4.5	4.5	4.5	0.04	1.00	0.45	0.70
	7	4.5	4.4	4.4	0.04
	14	4.5	4.5	4.5	0.04
	28	4.4	4.5	4.4	0.04
	42	4.5	4.5	4.5	0.04
	T mean	4.5	4.5		0.03
AN (g/kg DM)	0	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.1	0.35	0.08	0.80
	7	1.5	1.3	1.3	0.1
	14	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.1
	28	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
	42	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
	T mean	1.1	1.3		0.1
LA (g/kg DM)	0	9.7	10.5	10.1	2.8	0.03	0.25	0.29
	7	11.9	15.9	13.9	2.8
	14	8.9	16.1	12.5	2.8
	28	14.4	15.0	14.7	2.8
	42	7.1	7.4	7.3	2.8
	T mean	10.4^b	13.0^a		1.8
AA (g/kg DM)	0	30.6	34.5	32.7	3.4	0.49	0.38	0.44
	7	35.3	36.5	35.9	3.4
	14	34.9	33.7	34.4	3.4
	28	33.9	32.7	33.3	3.4
	42	37.5	35.4	36.5	3.4
	T mean	34.4	34.6		2.2
PA (g/kg DM)	0	4.6	7.2	5.9	1.4	0.33	0.24	0.18
	7	4.5	7.3	5.9	1.4
	14	5.3	5.7	5.5	1.4
	28	5.3	6.1	5.7	1.4
	42	8.5	6.8	8.6	1.4
	T mean	5.6	6.6		0.9

AA, acetic acid; AN, ammonia nitrogen; D, day; LA, lactic acid; PA, propionic acid; T, treatment. AS, blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg Amylomyces rouxii (on an as-fed basis); US, blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

^a,b Means in the same row (T mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

^x,y,z Means in the same column (day mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 4 Chemical composition of individual components of the concentrate, timothy hay, US silage blend and AS silage blend used to make the total mixed rations for each treatment.

Items (g/kg DM, unless stated otherwise)	Concentrate	Timothy hay	US	AS
DM	860.0	843.0	426.0	430.0
CP	148.0	69.0	103.0	101.0
ADF	66.0	353.0	402.0	396.0
NDF	191.0	408.0	655.0	654.0
NFC^1	606.0	110.0	126.0	125.0
EE	25.0	35.0	25.1	34.0
Ash	49.0	132.0	116.0	106.0
Ca	9.0	4.6	3.4	3.9
P	5.4	1.7	4.9	4.9
Mg	2.6	1.7	2.5	2.5
K	7.7	13.6	11.3	12.4
NEm (MJ/kg)^1	8.2	2.5	3.9	4.3
NEg (MJ/kg)^1	5.5	0.3	1.6	1.9

ADF, acid detergent fibre; Ca, calcium; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; K, potassium; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; NFC, non-fibre carbohydrate; Mg, magnesium; NE_m, net energy for maintenance; NE_g, net energy for growth P, phosphorus. AS, blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg A. rouxii; US, blend of 475 g/kg sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS), 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

¹ Calculated using the NRC (2001) computer model.

Table 5 Nutrient composition of control, USTMR, TMR + sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend, and ASTMR, TMR + SBWDJS inoculated with Amylomyces rouxii silage blend treatment diets based on analysis of components

	Treatment diets
Items (g/kg DM, unless stated otherwise)	Control	USTMR	ASTMR
DM	863.0	862.0	863.0
CP	131.0	128.0	130.0
ADF	121.0	138.0	135.0
NDF	409.0	401.0	428.0
NFC^1	410.0	421.0	394.0
EE	33.0	31.0	32.0
Ash	51.0	51.0	50.0
Ca	7.3	6.3	6.9
P	4.7	4.3	4.7
Mg	2.0	1.9	2.1
K	8.9	8.7	9.0
NEm (MJ/kg)^1	7.1	6.8	6.9
NEg (MJ/kg)^1	4.6	4.3	4.4

ADF, acid detergent fibre; Ca, calcium; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; K, potassium; Mg, magnesium; NE_m, net energy for maintenance; NE_g, net energy for growth; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; NFC, non-fibre carbohydrate; P, phosphorus. ASTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg Amylomyces rouxii; Control, TMR + timothy hay; USTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

¹ Calculated using the NRC (2001) computer model.

Table 6 Blood composition of Holstein steers steers fed TMR with timothy hay (control), TMR with sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend (USTMR), and TMR with SBWDJS inoculated with Amylomyces rouxii silage blend (ASTMR) treatment diets.

		Treatment					P value
Items	Day of experiment	Control	USTMR	ASTMR	D mean	SEM	T	D	T × D
Lactic acid (mg/dL)	0	24.6	25.9	16.2	22.2	2.5	0.01	0.57	0.77
	14	23.8	21.5	16.8	20.7	2.5
	28	19.7	17.4	17.2	18.0	2.5
	43	27.8	20.5	14.8	21.1	2.5
	T mean	24.0^a	21.3^ab	16.2^b		2.1
Glucose (mg/dL)	0	74.6	76.9	76.2	75.9^y	1.4	0.49	0.02	0.15
	14	74.5	78.6	85.4	79.4^xy	1.4
	28	76.6	78.7	76.1	77.2^xy	1.4
	43	84.5	81.1	81.3	82.4^x	1.4
	T mean	77.7	78.8	79.8		1.3
AST (IU/L)	0	59.3	58.3	56.4	58.1^xy	2.2	0.08	<0.01	0.32
	14	50.1	54.1	51.9	52.1^z	2.2
	28	51.2	60.3	59.2	56.8^yz	2.2
	43	60.2	63.5	65.7	63.1^x	2.2
	T mean	55.2	59.0	58.3		2.1
ALT (IU/L)	0	26.5	23.5	23.0	24.4^x	1.4	0.02	<0.01	0.67
	14	21.5	21.3	20.8	21.2^xy	1.4
	28	22.2	18.1	19.1	19.8^y	1.4
	43	22.8	20.4	22.3	21.8^xy	1.4
	T mean	23.3^a	20.8^b	21.3^ab		1.3
T-cho (mg/dL)	0	117.1	113.4	127.2	119.3^y	4.5	0.02	0.02	0.99
	14	121.8	119.4	135.8	125.7^xy	4.5
	28	115.6	113.9	133.6	121.0^y	4.5
	43	136.3	133.6	151.3	140.4^x	4.5
	T mean	122.7^ab	120.1^b	137.0^a		4.3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	0	15.8	15.7	13.4	14.9^x	0.8	0.09	<0.01	0.51
	14	14.2	13.2	12.7	13.4^x	0.8
	28	15.1	11.3	11.5	12.7^x	0.8
	43	7.1	6.7	7.4	7.1^y	0.8
	T mean	13.0	11.7	11.3		0.6
Albumin (g/dL)	0	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5^x	0.1	<0.01	<0.01	0.09
	14	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0^x	0.1
	28	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9^x	0.1
	43	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.6^y	0.1
	T mean	3.8^a	3.7^b	3.9^a		0.1
UN (mg/dL)	0	12.1	11.1	13.6	12.3^y	0.4	<0.01	<0.01	0.25
	14	12.2	12.5	13.6	12.8^y	0.4
	28	11.0	12.4	14.1	12.5^y	0.4
	43	15.1	13.9	15.9	14.9^x	0.4
	T mean	12.6^b	12.5^b	14.3^a		0.3

ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; D, day; T, treatment; T-cho, triglycerides cholesterol; UN, urea nitrogen.

ASTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg Amylomyces rouxii; Control, TMR + timothy hay; USTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS), 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

^a,b Means in the same row (T mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

^x,y Means in the same column (day mean) with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table 7 Growth measurements of Holstein steers fed TMR with timothy hay (control), TMR with sugar beet wet distillers juice with solubles (SBWDJS) silage blend (USTMR), and TMR with SBWDJS inoculated with Amylomyces rouxii silage blend (ASTMR) treatment diets.

		Treatment				P value
Items	D of experiment	Control	USTMR	ASTMR	SEM	T	D
No. of steers		11	9	9
FI (kg/d head^−1)		12	13	13
BW
Initial (kg)		646	613	609.1	–	0.55	–
Final^1 (kg)		682.3	650.2	657.3	13.1	0.24	–
ADG^2 (kg/d)	14	0.8	1.2	0.9	0.1	–	0.21
	28	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.1	–	0.95
	43	0.6	1.1	0.7	0.1	–	0.06
TADG		0.9	1.1	0.9	0.1	0.09	–

ADG, average daily gain; BW, bodyweight; D, day; FI, feed intake (as feed base); T, treatment; TADG, total average daily gain. ASTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw, 150 g/kg wheat bran and 20 g/kg Amylomyces rouxii; Control, TMR + timothy hay; USTMR, TMR + blend of 475 g/kg SBWDJS, 355 g/kg wheat straw and 170 g/kg wheat bran.

¹ Final bodyweight was taken at the end of the experimental period, which lasted for 43 days.

² Analysed with day as the repeated measure. No significant effect (P > 0.05) for day and treatment. Determined by calculating the differences between initial and final time points before dividing by the number of days in the study.

TADG was taken for 43 days (experimental period).

NRC 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. Washington, DC, NRC.

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