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Original Articles

Variation in agro-morphological characteristics of cacao, Theobroma cacao L., in farmers' fields in Nigeria

Pages 157-170 | Received 20 Apr 2009, Published online: 05 Jul 2010

Figures & data

Table 1  Accession codes, local government area (LGA) and geographical locations of cocoa plantations used in this study

Table 2  Characters and states of 17 agro-morphological traits studied in cacao accessions from farmers' plantation and the field genebank of the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN)

Table 3  Mean, standard error (in parenthesis), coefficient of variation (%) and levels of significance from analysis of variance (ANOVA) of 184 cacao accessions from field genebank and farmers plantation in Nigeria

Table 4  Frequency distribution of nine qualitative traits in cacao accessions from CRIN's field genebank and farmers' plantation

Table 5  Correlation matrix of eight quantitative traits of cacao accessions

Table 6  Eigenvectors of 17 agro-morphological traits of cacao accessions in first three principal component (PC) axes explaining 43.6% of total variation

Fig. 1 Scatter plot of cacao accessions on principal component axes 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC3) accounting for 35.3% of total variation. i – cotyledon fresh weight (g), ii – cotyledon dry weight (g), iii – nib weight (g), iv – fruit length (cm), v – cotyledon colour, vi – ridge pair disposition, vii – fruit shape, viii – apex form, ix – cotyledon width (cm), x – cotyledon length (cm).

Fig. 1  Scatter plot of cacao accessions on principal component axes 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC3) accounting for 35.3% of total variation. i – cotyledon fresh weight (g), ii – cotyledon dry weight (g), iii – nib weight (g), iv – fruit length (cm), v – cotyledon colour, vi – ridge pair disposition, vii – fruit shape, viii – apex form, ix – cotyledon width (cm), x – cotyledon length (cm).

Fig. 2 Dendrogram based on the unweighted pair group arithmetic mean average (UPGMA) showing six clusters of on-farm accessions and field genebank accessions (in boxes) of cacao in Nigeria.

Fig. 2  Dendrogram based on the unweighted pair group arithmetic mean average (UPGMA) showing six clusters of on-farm accessions and field genebank accessions (in boxes) of cacao in Nigeria.

Table 7  Group characteristics of the six clusters based on 17 morphological traits of cacao accessions

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