Geographic patterns of genetic variation in Cordyline australis; does fingerprinting recover phenotypic and phenological patterns?

Figures & data

Figure 1  Map of the 28 populations of Cordyline australis where seeds were sourced for the common garden. Symbols indicate membership of the two main genetic groups as determined by structure analysis.

Table 1  Location and main genetic divisions as determined by hierarchical structure analysis.

Location, Land district	Latitude	Longitude	Altitude (m)	Structure divisions
1 Spirits Bay,	34.43	172.86	10	A1
North Auckland
2 Matapōuri, nr	35.56	175.51	1	A1
Whāngārei, North Auckland
3 Dargaville,	35.88	173.85	10	A1
North Auckland
4 Waitākere, Auckland	36.88	174.54	190	B1
5 Waitakaruru,	37.28	175.32	30	B1
Hauraki, South Auckland
6 Lake Whāngāpē,	37.48	175.03	15	B1
Huntly, South Auckland
7 Hicks Bay,	37.55	178.15	100	B1
East Cape, Gisborne
8 Lower Kaituna,	37.75	176.37	5	B1
Te Puke, South Auckland
9 Tolaga Bay, Gisborne	38.42	178.32	80	C1
10 Huka Falls, Taupō,	38.65	176.01	360	C1
South Auckland
11 Tūrangi, Tongariro,	38.97	175.84	360	D2
South Auckland
12 Waipukurau,	39.98	176.52	130	D2
Hawke's Bay
13 Wharariki,	40.50	172.68	10	E2
nr Pūponga, Nelson
14, Lake Papaitonga,	40.65	175.23	20	E2
Levin, Wellington
15 Wainuiomata,	41.36	174.90	20	E2
Wellington
16 Woodbourne,	41.51	178.89	50	F2
Marlborough
17 Redwood Pass,	41.60	174.11	60	F2
Marlborough
18 Lower Awatere,	41.70	173.93	110	F2
Marlborough
19 Little Granite Creek,	42.23	171.33	10	G2
Westland
20 Kahutara River,	42.38	173.51	300	G2
Kaikōura, Marlborough
21 Lower Arahura River,	42.67	171.02	15	G2
Westland
22 Hurunui Mouth,	42.90	173.27	30	G2
Canterbury
24 Riccarton Bush,	43.53	172.60	8	H2
Canterbury
25 Maungati, Canterbury	44.41	171.03	300	H2
26 Kingston, Southland	45.37	168.69	425	H2
27 Dipton, Southland	45.86	168.38	140	H2
28 Clifden, Southland	46.03	167.72	80	H2
29 Taieri Mouth, Otago	46.11	170.18	130	H2

Table 2  Sample sizes and population genetic parameters for each of the eight main population divisions of C. australis

Population group	No.of individuals	% P bands	No. private bands	Mean estimated heterozygosity	Mean estimated unbiased heterozygosity
A	15	45.51	8	0.146	0.151
B	25	64.61	10	0.162	0.165
C	10	41.57	5	0.129	0.136
D	8	35.39	2	0.112	0.119
E	15	33.71	1	0.105	0.108
F	15	32.58	2	0.096	0.100
G	20	33.15	1	0.084	0.086
H	30	21.35	1	0.056	0.057
Mean	17.25	39.47	3.625	0.113	0.117

Figure 2  PCoA plot of AFLP data for C. australis labelled by population of origin. Population origins for the 28 populations are described in Table 1. Percentage of variation explained: axis 1, 18.25%; axis 2, 8.52%.

Figure 3  PCoA analysis of leaf ratio morphological data from Harris et al. (1998) labelled by population and genetic structure division. Percentage of variation explained: axis 1, 27.77%; axis 2, 15.75%.

Harris , W , Beever , RE and Heenan , PB . 1998 . Phenotypic variation of leaves and stems of wild stands of Cordyline australis (Lomandraceae) . New Zealand Journal of Botany , 36 : 593 – 604 .

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