Assessment of chemical and physical treatments to selectively kill non-indigenous freshwater zooplankton species

Figures & data

Table 1. Lethal concentrations LC_10, LC₅₀, and LC₉₉ (n = 16) with 95% CIs for the chemicals tested on Daphnia pulex at different exposure times.

	Time (min)	LC10	LC50	LC99
Tsunami^® (%)	20	0.07 (0.05–0.08)	0.15 (0.12–0.17)	0.82 (0.46–1.19)
	30	0.05 (0.04–0.07)	0.13 (0.10–0.15)	0.77 (0.41–1.13)
	40	0.04 (0.02–0.05)	0.11 (0.09–0.14)	1.28 (0.52–2.03)
	60	0.03 (0.02–0.04)	0.10 (0.08–0.12)	1.30 (0.48–2.11)
H2O2 (g/L)	10	0.33 (0.24–0.42)	1.17 (0.99–1.35)	16.74 (8.1–25.38)
	20	0.31 (0.24–0.39)	0.93 (0.78–1.08)	9.06 (5.16–12.99)
	30	0.26 (0.19–0.33)	0.78 (0.69–0.90)	8.19 (4.56–11.82)
	40	0.26 (0.21–0.32)	0.69 (0.60–0.78)	4.83 (2.94–6.72)
	50	0.27 (0.21–0.32)	0.60 (0.54–0.69)	3.45 (2.19–4.68)
	60	0.22 (0.17–0.27)	0.54 (0.48–0.60)	3.36 (2.07–4.65)
KMnO4 (mg/L)	20	3.32 (1.62–5.01)	24.5 (17.4–31.7)	1612 (−211–3437)
	30	1.01 (0.37–1.65)	9.9 (6.9–12.9)	1167 (−185–2520)
	40	0.45 (0.15–0.75)	3.8 (2.6–4.9)	315 (0–631)
	60	0.35 (0.14–0.56)	2.0 (1.4–2.6)	74.9 (12.2–137.6)
NaOCl (mg/L)	20	2.13 (1.68–2.59)	3.33 (2.89–3.76)	9.84 (5.79–11.04)
	30	1.67 (1.29–2.06)	2.77 (2.37–3.16)	7.92 (5.23–10.61)
	50	1.12 (0.85–1.39)	1.93 (1.63–2.23)	6.05 (3.73–8.36)
	60	1.12 (0.85–1.39)	1.93 (1.63–2.23)	6.05 (3.73–8.36)
NaCl (g/L)	10	9.9 (8.6–11.2)	13.9 (12.7–15.1)	28.3 (21.4–35.1)
	20	7.7 (6.7–8.8)	11.3 (10.2–12.3)	24.8 (15.8–31.0)
	30	4.4 (3.5–5.3)	8.7 (7.6–9.8)	36.9 (23.4–50.5)
	50	4.5 (3.6–5.4)	8.4 (7.4–9.4)	29.1 (19.8–38.4)
	60	3.5 (2.7–4.3)	7.3 (6.4–8.3)	31.2 (20.4–41.9)

Figure 1. Mortality of A, D. pulex, B, A. brightwelli, and C, S. pallidus exposed to 9, 18, or 36 W of UV-C for various amounts of time. Values are means ± standard errors of numbers retained per 10 cm² sample unit (n = 3).

Figure 2. Mortality of D. pulex on A, wool or B, felt treated with sodium chloride solutions for various amounts of time. Values are means ± standard errors of numbers retained per 10 cm² sample unit (n = 3).

Figure 3. Decision tree illustrating the approach used to select effective chemical treatment.