Pre-Migration Status, Social Capital, and the Educational Aspirations of Children of Immigrants in Disadvantaged Swedish Schools

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics by foreign and Sweden-born parents.

	Two foreign-born parents	One foreign-born parent	No foreign-born parents
University aspirations	71.67%	54.64%	51.69%
Grades (percent of max.)	62.23 (18.88)	69.22 (15.03)	65.52 (15.87)
Parents’ years of education	11.96 (2.71)	13.30 (2.58)	13.36 (2.51)
Parents’ education rank	62.54 (24.42)	53.18 (27.21)	52.52 (26.90)
Average contact prestige	14.14 (8.22)	13.82 (8.16)	12.35 (7.97)
Family contacts (standardized)	0.21 (1.00)	0.13 (0.98)	−0.08 (1.00)
Parents expect university	69.33%	49.48%	40.14%
Boys	44.67%	45.36%	56.66%
In secondary education	20.33%	25.77%	38.90%
Family region of origin
Sweden	–	–	100.00%
Nordic excl. Sweden	1.33%	41.24%
Europe excl. Nordic	50.00%	26.80%
N America	0.00%	6.19%
S America	0.67%	12.37%
Oceania	0.00%	1.03%
Asia	44.33%	8.25%
Africa	3.67%	4.12%
Observations	300	97	563

Note: Percentages, or means with standard errors in parenthesis.

Table 2. OLS regression of family contacts on immigrant background and parents’ education.

	(1)	(2)	(3)
Parents’ years of education	−0.01	0.06***
	(0.02)	(0.01)
Parents’ education rank/10	0.07**		0.06***
	(0.02)		(0.01)
Swedish background (ref.)
One parent foreign-born		0.16	0.15
		(0.10)	(0.10)
Both parents foreign-born		0.30***	0.16*
		(0.08)	(0.07)
Constant	−0.09	−0.18**	−0.14*
	(0.06)	(0.07)	(0.06)
Observations	960	960	960
Adjusted R^2	0.048	0.048	0.052

Note: Models control for gender, current education and municipality. Standard errors in parentheses, clustered by school.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Table 3. LPM regression of university aspirations on immigrant background, parents’ education and family contacts.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Parents’ years of education	−0.02*	0.04***
	(0.01)	(0.01)
Parents’ education rank/10	0.06***		0.04***	0.04***
	(0.01)		(0.01)	(0.01)
Family contacts (standardized)	0.04*			0.03*
	(0.02)			(0.02)
Swedish background (ref.)
One parent foreign-born		0.00	−0.00	−0.01
		(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Both parents foreign-born		0.21***	0.11**	0.10*
		(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Constant	0.50***	0.44***	0.47***	0.48***
	(0.04)	(0.05)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Observations	960	960	960	960
Adjusted R^2	0.120	0.107	0.121	0.125

Note: Models control for gender, current education and municipality. Standard errors in parentheses, clustered by school.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Table 4. LPM regression of parents’ university expectations on background, parents’ education and family contacts.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Parents’ years of education	−0.03**	0.04***
	(0.01)	(0.01)
Parents’ education rank/10	0.07***		0.04***	0.04***
	(0.01)		(0.01)	(0.01)
Family contacts (standardized)	0.05***			0.05**
	(0.01)			(0.01)
Swedish background (ref.)
One parent foreign-born		0.08*	0.07	0.07
		(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Both parents foreign-born		0.32***	0.22***	0.21***
		(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Constant	0.44***	0.34***	0.37***	0.38***
	(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)	(0.04)
Observations	960	960	960	960
Adjusted R^2	0.115	0.120	0.130	0.138

Note: Standard errors in parenthesis, clustered by school.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.