App-based mathematical intervention for youth with intellectual disabilities: a randomised controlled trial

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and results of ANOVA for the screening tests by group.

	Intervention Group	Control Group
Measures	M (SD)	M (SD)	Chi-square-test/ANOVA
N and gender distribution (boys/girls)	14 (5/9)	16 (9/7)	$\chi 2(1,N=30)=1.26,p=.261$
Grades (5/6/7/8/9)	2/3/3/5/1	2/1/3/3/7	$\chi 2(4,N=30)=5.89,p=.207$
Age in years	12.93 (1.38)	13.81 (1.72)	F(1, 28) = 2.36, p = .136
Non-verbal intelligence (raw score)	10.21 (3.62)	8.56 (3.93)	F(1, 28) = 1.42, p = .244
Non-verbal intelligence (standard score)	2.71 (1.38)	2.06 (1.06)	F(1, 28) = 2.12, p = .156
Counting and number knowledge	40.71 (2.16)	40.81 (1.72)	F(1, 28) = 0.02, p = .891
Give-N task	4.00 (-)	4.00 (-)	n/a
Sequencing	3.00 (-)	3.00 (-)	n/a
Non-symbolic number comparison (% correct)	96.46 (5.26)	94.47 (5.86)	F(1, 27) = 0.89, p = .354
Non-symbolic number comparison (response time in ms)	1714 (722)	1619 (766)	F(1, 27) = 0.11, p = .740

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for the outcome measures by group and time.

	Intervention Group			Control Group
Measures	Pre-test M (SD)	Post-test 1 M (SD)	Post-test 2 M (SD)	Pre-test M (SD)	Post-test 1 M (SD)	Post-test 2 M (SD)
Correct addition calculations	13.07 (4.03)	15.00 (3.84)	15.50 (2.77)	11.94 (5.35)	9.94 (3.71)	10.69 (3.55)
Automatic retrieval of addition facts	5.14 (4.83)	8.79 (4.46)	8.50 (4.35)	4.69 (4.85)	2.69 (3.30)	2.94 (3.32)
Correct subtraction calculations	9.50 (4.33)	12.64 (4.85)	12.71 (4.43)	9.06 (5.06)	7.81 (4.12)	8.43 (3.88)
Automatic retrieval of subtraction facts	3.00 (3.94)	6.79 (4.76)	6.93 (4.73)	2.19 (3.15)	1.38 (2.68)	1.62 (3.01)
Verbal fluency	37.29 (9.66)	37.71 (14.57)	37.57 (12.52)	45.81 (15.89)	53.19 (13.94)	53.75 (13.74)
Working memory	3.04 (0.57)	3.18 (0.46)		2.84 (0.39)	3.28 (0.52)
RAN (response time in seconds)	4.07 (0.28)	4.02 (0.33)		4.67 (1.59)	4.08 (0.78)