Trends and recent developments in pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis

Figures & data

Table 1. Classification of Acute pancreatitis – revised Atlanta classification [32,33].

Disease severity	Clinical features
Mild AP	No organ failure, no local or systemic complications, rare mortality
Moderately severe AP	Organ failure that resolves within 48  h and/or, local or systemic complications without persistent organ failure, less mortality
Severe AP	Persistent organ failure (>48 h; single, multiple organ failure), high mortality

AP, acute pancreatitis.

Table 2. Summary of clinical trials on new treatment approaches.

Pharmacologic molecule/inhibitor	Class	Study Phase/Design (Study status)	Indication	Comparator	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier^a
CM4620	Calcium channel blocker	Phase 2/Open-Label, Dose-Response Study (Completed) Phase 1/2/Open label (Ongoing)	Severe acute pancreatitis	None None	NCT03401190 NCT04195347
CM-4620 Injectable Emulsion (CM4620- IE)	Calcium channel blocker	Phase 2/Open label PK/PD Study (Completed) Phase 2/Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Dose-Ranging Study (Ongoing)	Severe acute pancreatitis	None Placebo	NCT03709342 NCT04681066
Dabigatran	Anticoagulant	Phase 1/Randomized Study (Ongoing)	Acute pancreatitis	Standard of care	NCT03807856
Hydrocortisone	Corticosteroid	Phase 2/Randomized, Placebo controlled, Double-blind (Not yet recruiting)	Acute pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT05160506
Infliximab	TNF-α inhibitor	Phase 2b/ Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind (Suspended due to COVID-19)	Acute pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT03684278
Omega-3 Fish Oil	Omega-3 Fish Oil (lipid emulsion)	Phase 2/Randomized/Parallel Assignment (Completed)	Severe acute pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT01745861
Pentoxifylline	TNF-α blocker	Phase 1/ Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-controlled Study (Completed) Phase 3/Double-Blind Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial (Completed)	Acute pancreatitis	Placebo Placebo	NCT01292005 NCT02487225
SCM-AGH	Allogeneic human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells	Phase I Open-label, Single Arm /3 + 3 design Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, 2-arm, Placebo-controlled, Parallel arm (Ongoing)	Severe acute pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT04189419
Simvastatin	HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor	Phase 3/Triple Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial (Ongoing)	Relapsing pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT04021498
Ulinastatin	Serine Protease inhibitor	Phase 4/Randomized Study (Suspended due to project revision; may start again)	Severe acute pancreatitis	Placebo	NCT01132521

^aClinical trial information is available on ClinicalTrials.gov.

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