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ARTICLES

Migrant Settlement and Spatial Distribution in Metropolitan ShanghaiFootnote

Pages 101-120 | Received 01 Mar 2006, Accepted 01 Jun 2007, Published online: 31 Jan 2008
 

Abstract

Given the persistence of China's migration trends since the early 1980s, migrants have begun to assert their influence on cities' spatial structure. This article attempts to understand the geography of migrant residence and how it relates to the overall spatial development in metropolitan Shanghai. It explores the key geographical factors underlying migrant spatial distribution. Results are based on spatial analyses and a regression model at the subdistrict level, with data drawn primarily from the 2000 Population Census, 1996 Basic Establishment Census, and a migrant housing survey completed in 1999. The article also shows how intra-urban migrant settlement and mobility patterns in China might be distinctive from those in other developing countries, given China's unique context and institutional factors. In general, migrant distribution in metropolitan Shanghai displayed a strong degree of centrality until the late 1990s when the inner suburb became the main receptor for new arrivals. The geography of migrant residence has shifted in tandem with deconcentration of the local population and, to a lesser degree, industrial relocation. Areas with a large number of manufacturing enterprises but a smaller state sector are likely to see a high share of migrants in total population. New arrivals also are attracted to areas already concentrated with migrants. Housing availability, however, proves to be an insignificant predictor.

Dada la persistencia de las tendencias migratorias de China desde principios de la década de los 80, los migrantes han comenzado a ejercer su influencia en la estructura espacial de las ciudades. En este artículo se intenta entender la geografía de la residencia de los migrantes y su relación con el desarrollo espacial general del área metropolitana de Shanghai. En él se exploran los factores geográficos claves que determinan la distribución espacial de los migrantes. Los resultados de basan en análisis espaciales y un modelo de regresión a nivel de subdistrito, con datos obtenidos principalmente del Censo de Población de 2000, el Censo de Establecimiento Básico de 1996 y la encuesta sobre vivienda de los migrantes que se concluyó en 1999. El artículo también muestra cómo los patrones de movilidad y asentamiento intraurbano de los migrantes en China pueden ser característicos, en comparación con los de otros países en desarrollo, dados los factores institucionales y de contexto específicos de China. En general, la distribución de migrantes en el área metropolitana de Shanghai mostró un fuerte grado de centralidad hasta finales de la década de los 90, cuando las áreas intersuburbanas se convirtieron en el principal receptor de los recién llegados. La geografía de residencia de los migrantes ha cambiado conjuntamente con la desconcentración de la población local, y en menos grado con la reubicación industrial. Las áreas con un mayor número de empresas de manufactura pero con un sector estatal más pequeño probablemente verán una mayor proporción de migrantes en su población total. Los recién llegados también son atraídos hacia áreas ya concentradas con migrantes. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de vivienda ha mostrado ser un predictor insignificante.

Notes

a Other housing includes self-built shed, boat, hotel or inn, living on the street or in a hallway, and staying in hospital rooms.

b Elementary occupations include sales and services workers (street vendors, cleaning workers, domestic helpers, building caretakers, porter, garbage collectors, etc.), agricultural laborers, and laborers in mining, construction, or transport. Based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88).

∗Support from the National Science Foundation (BCS-9974540) and the United States Department of Education (P019A80016) for the field work phase of this research is deeply appreciated, as are constructive comments from multiple reviewers.

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