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Articles

Place Spoofing: A Case Study of the Xenophilic Copycat Community in Beijing, China

Pages 265-277 | Received 01 Dec 2017, Accepted 01 Jun 2018, Published online: 20 Dec 2018
 

Abstract

This article coins a neologism, place spoofing, to describe the unique transformation of a place when it purposefully replicates another alien place, thereby enabling the residents to live in the vicarious environment of that imitated place. Place spoofing captures how a place disconnects from its indigenous culture and historical heritage during the transformation. This framing enables us to further reflect on the causes of this unique urban development. To deepen our understanding of place spoofing, we elaborate on its connotation, different spoofing strategies, and its goal of delivering an alien sense of place. We further analyze its market price and then discuss the perspective of place spoofing as a type of conspicuous commodity. To put the theoretical framework in context, the xenophilic copycat residential communities in Beijing are examined. Specifically, the copycat communities are sifted out from all available Beijing residential community transactions from an online real estate database. The distribution of copycat communities demonstrates the (re)production of place spoofing in the geographic layout of the city. The empirical results show that the copycat communities tend to have higher prices, implying that the residents pursue an alien sense of place and the symbolic meanings carried by its sentiment. This study also discusses how buyers, developers, and governments react to place spoofing. Overall, place spoofing provides a lens to frame this long-standing, but often neglected, urban development. This article lays the groundwork for geographers to explore the spoofing phenomenon by examining its underlying spatial characteristics, economic benefits, and social implications.

本文打造一个新词“地方伪装”来描绘一地刻意复製他处并因此让居民得以生活在与其模彷之地感同身受的环境中的特殊地方变化。地方伪装捕捉一个地方在转变过程中, 如何切断其与本土文化和历史遗产的联系。此一框架让我们得以进一步反思此般奇特城市发展的原因。为了深化我们对于地方伪装的理解, 我们阐述其意涵、不同的伪造策略, 及其传达异质地方感的目标。我们进一步分析其市场价格, 并探讨其作为引人注目的商品的原因。为了将此理论架构至于分析脉络之中, 我们检视北京洋名化的住宅社区。我们特别从网上房地产数据集中所有可取得的北京住宅交易中筛选出彷造社区。彷造社区的分佈, 证实地方伪装在城市的地理配置中的(再)生产。经验结果显示, 彷造社区价格倾向偏高, 意味着居民购买其异地感、及其所带有的象徵性意义。本研究同时探讨买家、开发商和政府对地方伪装的反应。总体而言, 地方伪装提供了分析此一长期存在但经常被忽略的城市发展之视角。本文通过检视伪造现象的基础空间特徵、经济利益和社会意涵, 为地理学者探讨该现象之工作打下基础。

Este artículo acuña un neologismo, parodia de lugar, para describir la transformación única de un lugar cuando este deliberadamente replica otro lugar extraño, permitiendo de ese modo a los residentes vivir en el entorno sustitutivo del lugar que se imita. La parodia de lugar capta el modo como un lugar se desconecta de su cultura indígena y heredad histórica durante la transformación. Esta enmarcación nos permite reflexionar más sobre las causas de tan singular desarrollo urbano. Para ahondar en nuestro entendimiento de la parodia de lugar, elaboramos sobre la connotación del fenómeno, las diferentes estrategias de parodia y sobre su meta de trasmitir un sentido de lugar foráneo. Analizamos además su precio en el mercado y luego discutimos la perspectiva de la parodia de lugar como un tipo de mercadería conspicua. Para colocar el marco teórico en contexto se examinaron en Beijing las comunidades residenciales xenófilas imitadoras. Específicamente, a las comunidades imitadoras se las filtra de todas las transacciones de comunidad residencial disponibles en Beijing a partir de una base de datos inmobiliarios en red. La distribución de las comunidades imitadoras demuestra la (re)producción de parodia de lugar en el plano geográfico de la ciudad. Los resultados empíricos muestran que las comunidades imitadoras tienden a registrar precios más altos, lo cual implica que los residentes persiguen un sentido de lugar foráneo y los significados simbólicos que conlleva su sentimiento. Este estudio discute también el modo como los compradores, desarrolladores y los gobiernos reaccionan a la parodia de lugar. En general, la parodia de lugar provee una lente para enmarcar este desarrollo urbano de vieja data, aunque con frecuencia soslayado. El artículo pone el trabajo preparatorio para que los geógrafos exploren el fenómeno de la parodia examinando sus características espaciales subyacentes, los beneficios económicos y las implicaciones sociales.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Bo Zhao

BO ZHAO is an Assistant Professor in the College of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include location spoofing, location-based social media, and Web mapping.

Xu Huang

XU HUANG is an Assistant Professor in the School of Geography and Planning at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the social integration of immigrants in globalizing Chinese cities and their belonging and attachment to the neighborhood at the destination.

Daniel Z. Sui

DANIEL Z. SUI is a Professor in the Department of Geography at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include GIScience, social media, volunteered geographic information, and health and security implications of climate change.

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