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Articles

Temporal Point Pattern Analysis of Human Activities Using GIS Methods: A Case Study of Library Visiting Activities in Chengdu City, China

Pages 738-750 | Received 11 Jul 2018, Accepted 05 Feb 2019, Published online: 05 Jul 2019
 

Abstract

This article aims to develop a new type of temporal pattern analysis—temporal point pattern analysis (TPPA)—by treating the distribution of activities as a point pattern on a two-dimensional plane using the start time and end time of activities as axes. Geographic information systems (GIS) methods, which are originally used in spatial point pattern analysis in GIS, are introduced to support TPPA. This article presents a case study to understand the temporal patterns of the library visiting activities of university students using a four-week smart card data set in Chengdu City, China. Several methods from GIS are applied, including the measurement of mean centers, kernel density, nearest neighbor distances, and optimized hot spot analysis. Results show that the GIS methods can reveal a lot of information on the temporal pattern of activities, thereby proving the reasonability of the proposed TPPA of activities. Key Words: GIS, human activities, library visiting, smart card data, visualization.

本文旨在通过将活动分佈视为在二元平面上的点模式, 运用活动的开始与结束时间作为轴线, 发展新型态的时间模式分析——时间点模式分析(TPPA)。本研究引进最初在GIS的空间点模式分析中使用的地理信息系统(GIS)方法, 以支持TPPA。本文呈现的案例研究, 运用中国成都市一个为期四週的智能卡数据组, 理解大学生造访图书馆活动的时间模式。本研究运用若干GIS方法, 包括平均数中心测量、核密度、最近邻里距离, 以及最佳化热点分析。研究结果显示, GIS方法能够揭露诸多活动的时间模式信息, 因此证明了所提出的活动之TPPA的合理性。关键词:GIS, 人类活动, 造访图书馆, 智能卡数据, 可视化。

Este artículo apunta a desarrollar un nuevo tipo de análisis de patrones temporales—análisis de patrones de punto temporal (TPPA)—por medio del tratamiento de la distribución de actividades como un patrón de puntos en un plano bi-dimensional, usando el tiempo de partida y el tiempo de terminación de las actividades como ejes. Métodos de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), que se usan originalmente en el análisis de patrones de puntos espaciales en SIG, son introducidos para soportar el TPPA. Este artículo presenta un estudio de caso para entender los patrones temporales a través de las actividades de visita a la biblioteca por estudiantes universitarios, usando un conjunto de datos de tarjetas inteligentes de cuatro semanas en Ciudad Chengdu, China. Se aplicaron varios métodos de SIG, incluyendo la medida de centros medios, densidad kernel, distancias al vecino más cercano y análisis optimizado de puntos calientes. Los resultados muestran que los métodos SIG pueden revelar gran cantidad de información sobre el patrón temporal de actividades, probando de esa manera lo razonable del propuesto TPPA de actividades.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the anonymous referees and the editor for the valuable comments that greatly improved this article.

Notes

1 Due to privacy issues, each college only has a unique ID instead of its real name.

Additional information

Funding

This research is funded by scholarships from the China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 201508060122 and No. 201306210039).

YONGPING ZHANG is a fourth-year PhD student at the Bartlett Center for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London (UCL), London W1T 4TJ, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests are mainly in the field of big data analytics, smart cities, geographic information science and sustainable transport.

LUN LIU is a Research Associate in the Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EP, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include urban public policy, urban modeling, urban big data analytics, and the application of artificial intelligence.

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