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Articles

Neighborhood Child Friendliness: A Comparative Analysis of Parental Landscape Perceptions and Geographic Information Systems-Based Urban Planning Indexes

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Pages 604-617 | Received 24 Dec 2021, Accepted 17 Aug 2022, Published online: 25 Oct 2022
 

Abstract

Child-friendly urban design provides opportunities for children to learn, grow, and thrive. Yet, urban planning decisions are often made without input from children and parents. The purpose of this research is to understand to what extent local, firsthand knowledge of neighborhood child friendliness aligns with expert knowledge in Austin, Texas, and its surrounding suburbs. We compared the geographic patterns of three expert planning indexes (i.e., walkability, access to diverse opportunities, and collective efficacy) with local parents’ perceptions of neighborhood child friendliness measured through survey responses and analyzed the spatial distributions of the differences between the two knowledge realms using a geographic information system and spatial statistics. Results indicate that differences exist between the expert planning indexes and parents’ perceptions and also vary across urban space. Parents most often perceived their neighborhoods as more child friendly than the expert indexes. Spatial patterns, however, indicate that parents in suburban neighborhoods viewed their neighborhoods as more child friendly than parents in downtown areas. These findings contradict the expert planning indexes, which indicate that central urban areas have child-friendly characteristics. The results of this research underscore the importance of including local knowledge in planning processes.

儿童友好型城市设计, 为儿童提供了学习、成长和发展的机会。然而, 城市规划决策往往缺乏儿童和家长的参与。针对美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀市及其周边郊区, 本研究旨在了解儿童友好社区的本地化第一手知识与专家知识的一致程度。我们把三个专家规划指标(步行能力、机会、集体效能)的地理模式, 与调查得出的父母对社区儿童友好度的本地化感知, 进行了比较。使用地理信息系统和空间统计, 分析了这两个知识领域之间差异的空间分布。结果表明, 专家规划指标和父母认知之间存在着差异, 而且在城市空间中也存在差异。与专家指标相比, 父母通常认为社区对儿童更加友好。然而, 空间模式表明, 郊区比城市中心的父母认为其社区对儿童更加友好。这些发现, 与城市中心对儿童友好的专家规划指标相矛盾。研究结果强调了在规划过程中纳入本地化知识的重要性。

El diseño urbano centrado en la satisfacción infantil provee oportunidades para que los niños aprendan, crezcan y se desarrollen. No obstante, las decisiones que se adoptan en planificación urbana ocurren a menudo sin la contribución de niños y padres. El propósito de esta investigación es comprender hasta qué punto el conocimiento local y de primera mano sobre el grado de amigabilidad del vecindario con los niños va de la mano con el conocimiento de expertos en Austin, Texas, y en los suburbios que la circundan. Comparamos los patrones geográficos de tres índices de planificación manejados por expertos (esto es, transitabilidad, acceso a diversas oportunidades y eficacia colectiva) con las percepciones locales de los padres sobre la actitud amigable del vecindario hacia el niño, medida por medio de las respuestas a la encuesta, y analizamos las distribuciones espaciales de las diferencias entre los dos reinos del conocimiento usando un sistema de información geográfica y estadísticas espaciales. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias entre los índices de planificación de los expertos y las percepciones de los padres, y que, además, varían a través del espacio urbano. Más a menudo, los padres perciben sus vecindarios como más amigables con los niños, que los indicado por los índices de los expertos. Los patrones espaciales, sin embargo, indican que en los vecindarios suburbanos los padres consideraban a sus barrios como más amigables con sus hijos que los padres de la áreas del centro de la ciudad. Estos hallazgos contradicen los índices de los expertos en planificación, que indican que las áreas urbanas centrales tienen características amigables con los niños. Los resultados de esta investigación subrayan la importancia de incluir el conocimiento local en los procesos de planificación.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Shadi Maleki

SHADI MALEKI is a GIS Research Specialist in the Translational Health Research Center at Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include community resilience, child-friendly environments, urban wilderness, and sustainable and inclusive urban planning.

Ronald R. Hagelman

RONALD R. HAGELMAN, III, is a Professor and Graduate Program Coordinator in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include environmental hazards, disaster recovery, urban sustainability, watershed resilience, and historical geography of the environment.

Brendan L. Lavy

BRENDAN L. LAVY is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include urban sustainability, urban forestry, urban environmental management, water resources governance, and disaster recovery.

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