Developing a Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Chinese Super League Clubs

Figures & data

Table 1. Dimensions of CSR perception in sport literature.

Author	Theoretical base/Dimension	Sport	Population
Walker and Kent (2009)	Philanthropy; community involvement; youth educational initiatives; and youth health initiatives	NFL	Fans
Sheth and Babiak (2010)	Carroll theory: economic; legal responsibility; ethical responsibility; and philanthropic responsibilities	NFL, NBA, NHL, and MLB	Team owner and community- relation director, and team president
Walker and Parent (2010)	Community involvement, community development, fair business practice, conduct codes, worker safety, cultural diversity, the environment, philanthropy, youth education, youth health, volunteerism	General sport	US sport entities
Walker et al. (2010)	Monetary charitable event; non-monetary charitable event; volunteerism/community outreach; event to honor “meritable” work; community appreciation; and social awareness promotion	NFL, NBA, MLB, and NHL	E-newsletters
Walker and Heere (2011)	CARES scale: cognitive awareness	NHL and NASCAR	Spectators
Breitbarth et al. (2011)	Economic; political; integrative; ethical; and emotional responsibility	European football	NA
Hamil and Morrow (2011)	Education-related activities; charitable activities; youth development-/gender-related activities; environmental initiatives; health initiatives; supporter-related initiatives; economic/regeneration issues; and social inclusion/exclusion	Scottish Premier League	Annual report and clubs’ websites
Roşca (2011)	Educational; sport; social inclusion; cultural integration; family; health; and charity programmes	English football	20 Premier League clubs’ official websites
Lacey et al. (2015)	Overall CSR perception	NBA	Customers
Kolyperas et al. (2015)	Youth development/community coaching initiatives; education/learning initiatives; charity/fundraising activities; social inclusion initiative (gender and disabled); fan-led initiatives; and health-related initiatives	Scottish Premier League	Interview, clubs’ websites, and clubs’ annual CSR reports
Kulczycki and Koenigstorfer (2016)	Overall CSR perceptions	German professional football	Residents in Munich
Lacey and Kennett-Hensel (2016)	Overall CSR perception	NBA	Fans
Chang et al. (2016)	Overall CSR perception	Professional baseball and football in South Korea	Fans
Anagnostopoulos et al. (2017)	Sport participation; education; health; social inclusion; parent club; commercial; and other	Community sport foundations of English football	Twitter
Montazeri et al. (2017)	Economic; philanthropic; ethical; legal; and environmental issues	Iran’s Football Premier League.	Fans
Inoue et al. (2017)	Overall CSR perceptions	Australian professional football	Customers
Rowe et al. (2019)	Economic, legal; ethical, discretionary; environment; diversity; governance; labor relations; philanthropy; community relations	Australian Football League (AFL), National Football League (NFL), English Premier League (EPL)	No certain population (organizational websites)
Liu et al. (2019)	Public health; charity; CSR to customer and employee; community development and youth education; economic and financial responsibility; and environmental responsibility	Chinese professional football	Fans
Morrison et al. (2020)	Overall CSR perception based on CARES scale: cognitive awareness	Major Junior Hockey (Canada)	Spectators
Yiu et al. (2020)	Stakeholder theory: audience; general public; state sport authorities; the UFC’s owner; the UFC’s fighters; other sport companies; federal authorities	Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)	NA (Case study)
Liu and Schwarz (2020)	Responsibilities to spectators; youth educational initiatives; responsibility to employees; financial responsibility; health initiatives; environmental initiatives; and philanthropic activities	Chinese professional football	Fans
Yu (2021)	Overall CSR perception	Professional baseball games (Taiwan)	On-site spectators
Mamo, et al. (2021)	Philanthropy; community relations; environmental management; labor relations; diversity and equity; and sport governance	NBA	Sport fans (US)
Mamo, et al. (2023)	Philanthropy; community relations; environmental management; labor relations; diversity and equity; and corporate governance	NBA	Fans (USA, UK and India)
Kim and Manoli (2022)	Overall CSR perception	Baseball (Samsung Lions baseball club in South Korea)	Fans

Figure 1. Conceptual model of CSR perception.

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