840
Views
141
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Analysing Andalusian Virtual Water Trade in an Input–Output Framework

&
Pages 185-196 | Received 01 Jul 2005, Published online: 15 Mar 2007
 

Abstract

Dietzenbacher E. and Velázquez E. (2007) Analysing Andalusian virtual water trade in an input–output framework, Regional Studies 41, 1–12. Andalusian agricultural sectors are relatively small, but account for 90% of annual water consumption. More than 50% of the agricultural final demands is exported to other Spanish regions or abroad. Using the concept of virtual water within an input–output framework, it is found that a substantial part of Andalusian water consumption is embodied in its exports. Considering the virtual water content of its trade, Andalusia is a net exporter of water. Examining regional policy aspects, a reduction in the exports abroad of agricultural products yields considerable benefits in terms of water savings, while the negative effects are only moderate.

Dietzenbacher E. et Velázquez E. (2007) Une analyse des échanges andalous d'eau virtuelle dans le contexte d'un tableau d'échanges interindustriels, Regional Studies 41, 1–12. Les secteurs agricoles andalous sont relativement petits mais expliquent 90% de la consommation d'eau. Plus de 50% de la demande finale agricole est exporté aux autres régions espagnoles ou à l'étranger. En employant la notion d'eau virtuelle dans le contexte d'un tableau d'échanges interindustriels, il s'avère qu'une part importante de la consommation andalouse d'eau s'explique par les exportations. Compte tenu de l'importance de l'eau virtuelle pour ses exportations, l'Andalousie s'avère une exportatrice nette d'eau. Sur le plan régional, une réduction des exportations à l'étranger des produits agricoles rapporte des retombées positives non-négligeables en termes des économies d'eau, tandis que les retombées négatives ne sont que limitées.

Modèles des échanges interindustriels Eau virtuelle Echanges et pérennité

Dietzenbacher E. und Velázquez E. (2007) Analyse des virtuellen Wasserhandels in Andalusien in einem Input–Output-Rahmen, Regional Studies 41, 1–12. Die landwirtschaftlichen Sektoren Andalusiens sind relativ klein, machen aber 90% des jährlichen Wasserverbrauchs aus. Mehr als 50% des landwirtschaftlichen Endbedarfs wird in andere spanische Regionen oder ins Ausland exportiert. Mit Hilfe des Konzepts von virtuellem Wasser innerhalb eines Input–Output-Rahmens kamen wir zum Ergebnis, dass ein erheblicher Teil des Wasserverbrauchs von Andalusien in den Exporten der Region verkörpert ist. Am virtuellen Wassergehalt seines Handels gemessen ist Andalusien ein Netto-Exporteur von Wasser. Bei einer Untersuchung der regionalpolitischen Aspekte zeigt sich, dass sich eine Verringerung des Auslandsexports von landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen deutlich positiv auf die Wassereinsparungen auswirkt, während die negativen Effekte nur mäßig ausfallen.

Input–Output-Modelle Virtuelles Wasser Handel und Nachhaltigkeit

Dietzenbacher E. y Velázquez E. (2007) Análisis del agua virtual de Andalucía según una estructura de entrada-salida, Regional Studies 41, 1–12. Los sectores agrícolas en Andalucía son relativamente pequeños pero representan el 90% del consumo anual de agua. Más del 50% de las demandas agrícolas finales son exportadas a otras regiones españolas o al extranjero. Mediante el concepto del agua virtual dentro de una estructura de entrada–salida, observamos que una parte importante del consumo de agua en Andalucía se pierde en las exportaciones. Teniendo en cuenta el contenido de agua virtual en el comercio, Andalucía es un exportador neto de agua. Examinando los aspectos de la política regional, observamos que una reducción en las exportaciones extranjeras de los productos agrícolas produce beneficios considerables en lo que respecta al ahorro mientras que los efectos negativos son sólo moderados.

Modelos de entrada-salida Agua virtual Comercio y sostenibilidad

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions.

Notes

1. In a similar fashion, international flows of pollutants – such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions – and natural resources have been extensively investigated. The input–output framework appears to be a very useful framework because it takes the interdependent nature of production into full account (e.g. Antweiler, Citation1996; Kainuma et al., Citation2000; Munksgaard and Pedersen, Citation2001; Machado et al., Citation2001; Atkinson and Hamilton, Citation2002; Murudian et al., Citation2002; Sanchez-Chóliz and Duarte, Citation2004).

2. See also the website of the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education (http://www.waterfootprint.org).

3. The final demands per category are given in the first four columns of Appendix Table A1. Adding the column sums gives the total final demands.

4. Vectors are columns by definition, and a row vector is obtained by transposition, indicated by a prime. A circumflex (or ‘hat’) is used to indicate a diagonal matrix.

5. The role of water pricing has been extensively discussed in the literature, albeit not in an input–output framework. Recent contributions include Albiac et al. Citation(2003), Arbués et al. Citation(2004), Brookshire et al. Citation(2004), Gómez-Limón and Riesgo Citation(2004), Mejías et al. Citation(2004), Embid-Irujo Citation(2005), Garrido Citation(2005), International Journal of Water Resources Development Citation(2005), Marques et al. Citation(2005), and Reynaud et al. Citation(2005).

6. As far as water is concerned, the last column in shows that Andalusia might have been expected to specialize in the production of goods by sectors such as machinery (sector 12), transportation materials (13), footwear and leather products (16), or miscellaneous manufacturing (19). To examine whether Andalusia has a comparative advantage in any of these products, however, would require sectoral data for the use of labour and capital (which are not available).

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 211.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.