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General papers

Social capital and interlocal service collaboration in US counties

Pages 674-687 | Received 02 Nov 2014, Accepted 10 Dec 2015, Published online: 04 Mar 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Social capital and interlocal service collaboration in US counties. Regional Studies. Local governments are increasingly faced with public policy problems that span across their individual jurisdictional boundaries. Interlocal service collaboration has been suggested as a preferable alternative to address these issues. This study examines the association between collective social capital, especially focusing on Putnam-type organizations and interlocal service collaboration, by investigating the interlocal revenues at the county level for the fiscal year 2002 in the United States. An instrumental variables estimator to address a potential endogeneity problem of social capital was adopted. The results show that social capital is positively associated with interlocal service collaboration. Further analysis revealed that 15.8% of counties’ variation in interlocal service collaboration was attributed to the state level.

摘要

美国各郡的社会资本与跨地方服务合作. Regional Studies。地方政府逐渐面临跨越单一行政疆界的公共政策问题。跨地方服务合作,则被提议作为处理这些问题的更为合适的替代方案。本研究透过探讨美国 2002 年财政年度中,郡层级的跨地方税收,检视集体社会资本间的联繫,并特别聚焦普特南(Putnam)类型的组织与跨地方服务合作。本研究採取工具变量估计器来处理社会资本的潜在内生性问题。研究结果显示,社会资本与跨地方服务合作正向相关。进一步的分析,揭露了各郡的跨地方服务合作差异中,有百分之十五点八可归因于州层级。

RÉSUMÉ

Le capital social et la prestation concertée des services inter-locaux dans les grandes villes des comtés aux É-U. Regional Studies. Les administrations locales doivent de plus en plus faire face aux problèmes de politique publique qui chevauchent leurs propres compétences juridictionnelles. On affirme que la prestation concertée des services inter-locaux est une alternative préférable afin d'aborder ces questions-là. Cette présente étude cherche à examiner le rapport entre le capital social collectif, mettant l'accent notamment sur les organisations du type Putnam et la prestation concertée des services inter-locaux, par moyen d'un examen des revenus inter-locaux à l’échelle des comtés aux É-U pour l'année fiscale 2002. On emploie un estimateur à variables instrumentales pour aborder un problème d'endogénéité éventuel quant au capital social. Les résultats laissent voir une corrélation positive entre le capital social et la prestation concertée des services inter-locaux. De plus amples analyses montrent que, à l’échelle des comtés, 15,8% de la variation de la prestation concertée des services inter-locaux est attribuable aux états.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Sozialkapital und interkommunale Behördenkooperation in Bezirken der USA. Regional Studies. Immer häufiger stehen Kommunalbehörden in der öffentlichen Politik vor Problemen, die ihre jeweiligen Rechtsprechungsgrenzen überschreiten. Als bevorzugte Alternative zur Lösung dieser Probleme wurde eine interkommunale Kooperation der Behörden vorgeschlagen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Zusammenhang zwischen kollektivem Sozialkapital – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Organisationen des Typs Putnam – und interkommunaler Behördenkooperation durch eine Analyse der interkommunalen Einnahmen auf Bezirksebene für das Haushaltsjahr 2002 in den USA untersucht. Zur Berücksichtigung eines potenziellen Endogenitätsproblems des Sozialkapitals kam eine Instrumentalvariablenschätzung zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Sozialkapital und interkommunaler Behördenkooperation schließen. Aus einer weiteren Analyse geht hervor, dass 15,8% der Schwankungen zwischen den verschiedenen Bezirken hinsichtlich der interkommunalen Behördenkooperation auf Bundesstaatsebene angesiedelt sind.

RESUMEN

Capital social y colaboración interlocal de servicios en los distritos estadounidenses. Regional Studies. Las administraciones locales se enfrentan cada vez más en la política pública a problemas que trascienden sus límites jurisdiccionales individuales. Como una opción preferida para solucionar estos problemas, se ha propuesto una colaboración interlocal entre los servicios. En este estudio se analiza la relación entre el capital social colectivo, especialmente centrado en las organizaciones de tipo Putnam, y la colaboración interlocal de servicios mediante un análisis de los ingresos interlocales por distritos para el año fiscal 2002 en los Estados Unidos. Para abordar el posible problema de endogeneidad del capital social se empleó una estimación de variables instrumentales. Los resultados indican que el capital social está positivamente asociado a la colaboración interlocal de servicios. Otros análisis indican que, en lo que respecta a la colaboración interlocal de servicios, el 15,8% de la variación entre los diferentes distritos se atribuía a nivel estatal.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://10.1080/00343404.2015.1132302

Notes

1. For detailed information on the USA Counties database and dataset, see http://www.census.gov/support/USACdataDownloads.html/.

3. In Hawaii, only one county has information on the number of its municipalities. Singleton observation, where there is only one observation within a group, is not used in the fixed-effects model as it does not have the within variation (Schaffer, Citation2010). Accordingly, it was dropped from the analysis.

4. Social capital is a multidimensional construct that encompasses various social phenomena (O'Toole & Meier, Citation2014). Harpham, Grant, and Thomas (Citation2002) suggested that the structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital better capture various aspects of social capital. On the one hand, the structural dimension of social capital reflects behavioural manifestations of social relationships, such as organizational participation, which is an objectively observable aspect of social capital. On the other hand, the cognitive dimension of social capital refers to attitudinal manifestations of social relationships, such as interpersonal trust and norms, which is a subjective perception. The major difference between structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital is that the structural dimension of social capital is relatively more objective than the cognitive dimension of social capital (Uphoff, Citation2000).

5. The term ‘fixed-effects/random-effects model' is frequently used for panel data analysis. At the same time, fixed and random effects models can be adopted for cross-sectional datasets based on a cluster sample (Wooldridge, Citation2012). To use the fixed- or the random-effects models depends on whether one can assume whether there is correlation between the cluster- or individual-specific effects and explanatory variables rather than data types.

6. The ICC coefficient for counties within the same state was calculated as (Snijders & Bosker, Citation2012):

7. State-level social capital was generated by averaging county-level social capital within the given state.

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