Smart Specialisation strategies on the periphery: a data-triangulation approach to governance issues and practices

Figures & data

Figure 1. Governance issues and governance practices in S3.

Sources: Adapted from Aranguren et al. (2019), Capello and Kroll (2016) and Sörvik et al. (2019).

Table 1. Univariate models.

Parameters	Informal network (A)		Formal network (B)
	Estimate (SE)	Convergence statistics (t-ratio)	Estimate (SE)	Convergence statistics (t-ratio)
Edge	7.052 (2.251)**	0.083	−2.588 (0.947)**	0.008
2-Star	−1.178 (0.287)*	0.077	0.026 (0.231)	0.020
3-Star	0.129 (0.025)*	0.067	−0.005 (0.046)	0.027
AT	1.955 (1.458)	0.086	0.620 (0.297)*	0.023
Matching-category	0.032 (0.248)	0.022	0.187 (0.316)	−0.030

Note: Statistically significant parameters (**1%, *5%).

Table 2. Bivariate model.

Parameters	Informal and formal networks
	Estimate (SE)	Convergence statistics (t-ratio)
EdgeA	9.781 (2.724)**	−0.020
2-StarA	−0.948 (0.273)*	−0.025
3-StarA	0.091 (0.034)*	−0.030
Matching-category A	−0.454 (0.345)	−0.084
EdgeB	−9.624 (2.384)**	−0.081
2-StarB	0.420 (0.247)	−0.072
3-StarB	−0.024 (0.064)	−0.055
Matching-category B	−2.920 (2.322)	−0.087
EdgeAB	1.004 (0.539)	−0.044
2-StarAB	−0.365 (0.248)	−0.062
3-StarAAB	0.041 (0.030)	−0.047
3-StarABB	−0.024 (0.032)	−0.051
AT-ABA	4.925 (1.641)*	−0.080
AT-BAB	0.104 (0.224)	−0.061
Matching-category AB	3.598 (2.372)	−0.052

Notes: Statistically significant parameters (**1%, *5%).

A, informal network; B, formal network; AB, multiplex informal/formal network; and AT, alternating k-triangles.

Table 3. Key results from data triangulation.

	Entrepreneurial discovery	Decision-making process	Promotion new domains	Related variety	Intra-regional cooperation	Extra-regional cooperation
RIS3 document	Lack of support for SMEs and young entrepreneurs	Positive implementation of a bottom-up approach	Positive use of participatory methods to define ‘classical’ domains	Similarities with other Northern European regions	Consolidation of intra-regional partnerships	Strong public support to increase international cooperation
Interviews	Focus on local industry interests	Inclusive governance processes for cluster development	Prioritization of development needs; domains have been selected as a function of their potential	Sharing of R&D infrastructure; results will be visible in the next years	Intra-regional networking has intensified significantly	S3 significantly improved local actors’ international partnerships
Questionnaire	Not high prioritization of innovation for entrepreneurship	Need for inclusive approach	Promotion of ‘classical’ domains	Knowledge-sharing initiatives as relevant objectives of S3	Development of interregional collaborations focused on ‘classical’ domains	Importance of internationalization; S3 contributed to create new partnerships
Network data					Networking propensity depends on the type of collaboration

Note: R&D, research and development; S3, Smart Specialisation Strategy; SMEs, small and medium-sized enterprises;.

Aranguren, M. J., Magro, E., Navarro, M., & Wilson, J. R. (2019). Governance of the territorial entrepreneurial discovery process: Looking under the bonnet of RIS3. Regional Studies, 53(4), 451–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1462484

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Capello, R., & Kroll, H. (2016). From theory to practice in Smart Specialisation Strategy: Emerging limits and possible future trajectories. European Planning Studies, 24(8), 1393–1406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1156058

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Sörvik, J., Teräs, J., Dubois, A., & Pertoldi, M. (2019). Smart Specialisation in sparsely populated areas: Challenges, opportunities and new openings. Regional Studies, 53(7), 1070–1080. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1530752

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