Complementary interregional linkages and Smart Specialisation: an empirical study on European regions

Figures & data

Table 1. Diversification model.

Dependent variable: Entry, or not, of a new specialization in a technology in a region
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Relatedness density (RD)	0.003***	0.003***	0.004***	0.002***
	(0.00003)	(0.00003)	(0.00004)	(0.0001)
Number of interregional linkages (NL) (log)		0.005***	–0.025***	–0.017***
		(0.0003)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Complementarity interregional linkages (CL) (log)			0.027***	0.018***
			(0.001)	(0.001)
RD*CL (interaction term)				0.0002***
				(0.00001)
GDP per capita	0.001***	0.0001	0.0002**	0.0001
	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)	(0.0001)
Population (log)	0.015***	0.010***	0.011***	0.010***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Period	–0.007***	–0.008***	–0.008***	–0.008***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Constant	–0.142***	–0.083***	–0.172***	–0.120***
	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)
Observations	379,876	379,876	379,876	379,876
R^2	0.037	0.038	0.044	0.044
Adjusted R^2	0.037	0.038	0.044	0.044
Residual standard error	0.318 (d.f. = 379,871)	0.318 (d.f. = 379,870)	0.317 (d.f. = 379,869)	0.317 (d.f. = 379,868)
F-statistic	3658.418*** (d.f. = 4; 379,871)	2970.927*** (d.f. = 5; 379,870)	2885.502*** (d.f. = 6; 379,869)	2522.347*** (d.f. = 7; 379,868)

Note: **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.

Table 2. Diversification model: specification for peripheral regions

Dependent variable: Entry, or not, of a new specialization in a technology in a region
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Related density (RD)	0.003***	0.003***	0.004***	0.002***
	(0.00004)	(0.00003)	(0.00004)	(0.0001)
Number of interregional linkages (NL) (log)		0.001*	–0.025***	–0.016***
		(0.0005)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Complementarity of interregional linkages (CL) (log)			0.026***	0.014***
			(0.001)	(0.001)
RD*CL				0.0002***
				(0.00001)
Peripheral	–0.006***	–0.049***	–0.014***	–0.049***
	(0.002)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.005)
GDP per capita	0.723***	0.104	0.023	0.037
	(0.091)	(0.102)	(0.102)	(0.102)
Population (log)	0.015***	0.013***	0.012***	0.012***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Period	–0.007***	–0.008***	–0.008***	–0.008***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
RD*peripheral	0.0001
	(0.0001)
NL*peripheral		0.006***
		(0.001)
CL*peripheral			0.001**	0.005***
			(0.0005)	(0.0005)
Constant	–0.136***	–0.091***	–0.169***	–0.107***
	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)
Observations	378,463	378,463	378,463	378,463
R^2	0.037	0.038	0.044	0.045
Adjusted R^2	0.037	0.038	0.044	0.045
Residual standard error	0.318 (d.f. = 378,456)	0.318 (d.f. = 378,455)	0.317 (d.f. = 378,454)	0.317 (d.f. = 378,453)
F-statistic	2430.469***  (d.f. = 6; 378,456)	2134.865***  (d.f. = 7; 378,455)	2156.579***  (d.f. = 8; 378,454)	1964.191***  (d.f. = 9; 378,453)

Note: **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.

Figure 1. Diversification opportunities of a region through complementary interregional ties.

Figure 2. European regions with complementary capabilities for the Île-de-France region in new hydrogen technologies.