The relevance of smart cities’ features in exploring urban labour market resilience: the specificity of post-transition economies

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total European Union employment rate dynamics and demarcation of resilience stages: city-level data.

A 2006–20 line-graph showing the evolution of the EU employment rate. Two sections, delimiting the time periods of the two resilience phases, are presented.

Figure 2. Urban labour market resilience index (ULMRI) for the resistance and recovery phases, and percentage change of the index in recovery versus resilience.

Two mirrored bar charts: a clustered bar chart presenting, for each metropolitan region, the index values for the two resilience phases versus a bar chart presenting, on a scale from −80% to 100%, the percentage change for each metropolitan region.

Figure 3. Index values for the six smart components and the urban labour market resilience index (UMLRI), in the resistance period, for each of the four nodes.

Table 1. Classification of the units into the four nodes, resistance period.

Node	Metropolitan regions
1	Sofia (Bulgaria), Prague and Brno (Czechia), Bucharest (Romania), Bratislava (Slovakia)
2	Tallinn (Estonia), Zagreb (Croatia), Riga (Latvia), Vilnius (Lithuania), Budapest (Hungary), Ljubljana (Slovenia)
3	Ostrava and Plzen (Czechia), Split (Croatia), Kaunas (Lithuania), Miskolc, Debrecen, Székesfehérvár & Pécs (Hungary), Kosice (Slovakia), Maribor (Slovenia)
4	Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas (Bulgaria), Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Timișoara, Craiova, Iași, Galaţi, Brașov and Ploiești (Romania)

Figure 4. Index values for the six smart components and the urban labour market resilience index (UMLRI), in the recovery period, for each of the four nodes.

Table 2. Classification of the units into the four nodes, recovery period.

Node	Metropolitan regions
1	Sofia (Bulgaria), Tallinn (Estonia), Zagreb (Croatia), Riga (Latvia), Vilnius (Lithuania), Budapest (Hungary), Brno (Czechia), Bucharest (Romania)
2	Prague (Czechia), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Bratislava (Slovakia)
3	Ostrava and Plzen (Czechia), Split (Croatia), Kaunas (Lithuania), Miskolc, Debrecen, Székesfehérvár and Pécs (Hungary), Kosice (Slovakia), Maribor (Slovenia)
4	Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas (Bulgaria), Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Timișoara, Craiova, Iași, Galaţi, Brașov and Ploiești (Romania)

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of the metropolitan regions in the resistance stage according to their cluster membership.

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of the metropolitan regions in the recovery stage according to their cluster membership.

Figure 7. Resilience indexes for the urban labour market and the aggregated urban smartness of the metropolitan regions for the resistance timeframe.

Figure 8. Resilience indexes for the urban labour market and the aggregated urban smartness of metropolitan regions for the recovery timeframe.

Figure 9. Index values for the six smart components and the urban labour market resilience index (UMLRI) in aggregate form, in the resistance period, for each of the four nodes.

Figure 10. Index values for the six smart components and the urban labour market resilience index (UMLRI) in aggregate form, in the resistance period, for each of the four nodes.

Figure 11. Spatial distribution of metropolitan regions in the resistance stage, according to their cluster membership, aggregated form.

Figure 12. Spatial distribution of metropolitan regions in the recovery stage, according to their cluster membership, aggregated form.