Hierarchies of Representation: The Re-distributive Effects of Gender and Youth Quotas

Figures & data

Table 1. Youth and gender quotas after quota type.

YOUTH QUOTA TYPE*	GENDER QUOTA TYPE
	Legislated Candidate quota	Reserved Seats	Party quota
Legislated Candidate quota	Egypt Gabon** Kyrgyzstan Tunisia (LCQLCQ)
Reserved seats	Rwanda***	Rwanda*** Kenya Morocco Uganda (RSRS)
Party quota	Angola Croatia El Salvador Mexico Montenegro Nicaragua Senegal (LCQPQ)		Cyprus Hungary Lithuania Mozambique Romania Sweden Turkey Ukraine Viet Nam (PQPQ)

Sources: Inter-Parliamentary Union; International IDEA

* The Philippines is the only country that employs a mixed quota applying at women and youth at the same time and is therefore excluded here.

**Gabon has adopted both gender and youth quotas adopted in 2015, but not yet enacted in the electoral law.

***Rwanda has both an LCQ and a RS quota for women.

Figure 1. Shares of young parliamentarians worldwide (n = 146).

Figure 2. Shares of parliamentarians by gender and age groups worldwide (n = 146).

Figure 3. Young women’s odds for representation worldwide.

Figure 4. Odds for representation in Tunisia

Figure 5. Shares of gender and age groups by party (Tunisia 2014, LCQLCQ).

Figure 6. Structure and election of the House of Representatives in Morocco.

Figure 7. Odds for representation in Morocco.

Figure 8. Shares of gender and age groups by party (Morocco 2016, RSRSn).

Figure A1. Odds for election in the Swedish Social Democratic Party