Evaluation of commercial, wireless dermal thermometers for surrogate measurements of core temperature

Figures & data

Figure 1. Comparison between the four dermal thermometers (Feversmart, iThermonitor, Quest Temp Sitter, and iButton) and the rectal thermometer Terumo c405. Temperatures measured with each thermometer are plotted against the temperatures simultaneously measured with the rectal thermometer. Number of measurements plotted in each graph differs because of missing data at specific occasions.

Table 1. Comparisons between the dermal thermometers and Terumo c405.

	Total number of measurements	Average deviation from Terumo c405 mean ± SD [°C]	Correlation value r (r^2)	After normalization: Correlation value r (r^2)	Regression Formula (T=Terumo c405 measurement)	Sensitivity and specificity for temperature ≥37.6 °C	Sensitivity and specificity for temperature ≥38.0 °C	After correction for average deviation: Sensitivity and specificity for temperature ≥37.6 °C	After correction for average deviation: Sensitivity and specificity for temperature ≥38.0 °C
FeverSmart	44	−0.70 ± 0.65	0.75 (0.56)	0.65 (0.42)	0.86*T + 4.46	0.60; 0.96	0.60; 0.97	0.70; 0.92	0.80; 0.93
iThermonitor	45	−0.77 ± 0.53	0.79 (0.62)	0.25 (0.064)	0.80*T + 6.94	0.45; 1.00	0.33; 1.00	0.90; 0.72	0.80; 0.93
Quest Temp Sitter	18	−1.18 ± 0.66	0.29 (0.084)	0.029 (0.00085)	0.55*T + 15.7	*NA	*NA	*NA	*NA
iButton	51	−0.87 ± 0.65	0.71 (0.50)	0.44 (0.19)	0.78*T + 7.58	0.43; 1.00	0.40; 1.00	0.62; 0.77	0.60; 0.94

*Sensitivity and specificity could not be calculated for Quest Temp Sitter, and the corresponding cells are therefore marked NA (not applicable).