Screening of biomarkers for prediction of multisite artery disease in patients with recent myocardial infarction

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical characteristic in the REBUS and the VaMIS cohort.

	REBUS			VaMIS
Variable N (%)	Female N = 87(22.3)	Male N = 303(77.7)	Combined N = 390	Female N = 227(29.6)	Male N = 539(70.4)	Combined N = 766
Age, median (min-max)	67.7 (39–88)	66.0 (39–95)	66.8 (39–95)	72.3 (41–92)	67.4 (38–92)	68.5 (38–92)
Diabetes mellitus	12 (13.8)	49 (16.2)	61 (15.6)	38 (16.7)	90 (16.7)	128 (16.7)
Hypertension	46 (52.9)	163 (53.8)	209 (53.6)	124 (54.6)	241 (44.7)	365 (47.7)
Smoking, yes	27 (31.0)	72 (23.8)	99 (25.4)	57 (25.1)	119 (22.1)	176 (23.0)
ABI, abnormal	25 (28.7)	53 (17.5)	78 (20.0)	56 (24.7)	119 (22.1)	175 (22.8)
NSTEMI	53 (60.9)	152 (50.2)	205 (52.6)	146 (64.3)	336 (62.3)	482 (62.9)
STEMI	34 (39.1)	151 (49.8)	185 (47.4)	81 (35.7)	203 (37.7)	284 (37.1)

ABI: Ankle-brachial index; NSTEMI: non-st-elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Figure 1. Empirical cumulative density function (ECDF) plots of the significant biomarkers: TNFRSF-14: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14; TNFR-1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR-2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; UPAR: urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor; FABP-4: fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte; Nt-pro BNP, CSTB, Cystatin B, CHI3L, chitinase-3-like protein 1, in the univariate analysis in patients with and without multisite artery disease (MSAD), as measured by peripheral artery disease. Patients with MSAD showed a red dotted line and patients without MSAD with a green dotted line.

Figure 2. Prediction model with random forest for prediction of patients with multisite artery disease, as measured by peripheral artery disease in the REBUS cohort. The biomarkers presented with the highest variable importance: TNFR-1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; RETN: resistin; IL-1 RT1: interleukin-1 receptor type 1; JAM A: junctional adhesion molecule A; TNFR-2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; TNFRSF-14: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14; CPB 1: carboxypeptidase B; Nt-pro BNP; IL-6 RA: interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha Nt-pro BNP; CSTB: cystatin B.

Table 2. Additional predictive value of the biomarkers compared to the performance of the model with clinical characteristics, as measured by the c-statistic.

	Clinical characteristics (CC)	CC+ TNFRSF-14	CC+ TNFR-1	CC+ TNFR-2	CC+ GDF-15	CC+ IL-6 RA	CC+ CTSD	CC+ TNFR-1, TNFR-2, GDF-15
REBUS (n = 390)	0.683 (0.610, 0.756)	0.702 (0.632, 0.772)	0.709 (0.640, 0.779)	0.703 (0.633, 0.773)	0.710 (0.640, 0.781)	0.682 (0.608, 0.755)	0.683 (0.610, 0.757)	0.715 (0.645, 0.784)
VaMIS (n = 766)	0.729 (0.687, 0.770)	0.732 (0.691, 0.773)	0.746 (0.706, 0.787)	0.745 (0.704, 0.785)	0.752 (0.711, 0.792)	0.729 (0.688, 0.770)	0.736 (0.695, 0.777)	0.752 (0.711, 0.792)

TNFRSF-14: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14; TNFR-1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR-2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; IL-6 RA: interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha; CTSD: Cathepsin D.

Figure 3. Empirical cumulative density function (ECDF) plots for biomarkers; TNFRSF-14: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14; TNFR-1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR-2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; IL-6 RA: interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha; CTSD: cathepsin D, in patients with and without multisite artery disease (MSAD), measured by peripheral artery disease in the VaMIS cohort. Patients with MSAD showed a red dotted line and patients without MSAD with a green dotted line.