Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass and surgical complexity on plasma soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor levels after cardiac surgery

Figures & data

Table 1. Pre- and intraoperative characteristics of the study population.

Characteristic	CABG (n = 15)	Complex (n = 15)	p Value
Preoperative data
Age	67 (59–73)	68 (51–76)	.806
Male gender	11 (73%)	8 (53.3%)	.256
Hypertension	8 (53%)	12 (80%)	.121
NYHA class			.343
I	15 (100%)	13 (86.7%)
II	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)
III	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
IV	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)
COPD	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Diabetes mellitus	5 (33.3%)	1 (6.7%)	.169
PVD	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Previous stroke	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
History of smoking	6 (40%)	6 (40%)	1.000
Steroids	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
Preoperative CRP (mg/L)	0.7 (0–1)	1 (0–3.8)	.074
Preoperative WBC (10^9 cells/L)	5.9 (5.4–6.6)	7.1 (6.2–8.1)	.061
Intraoperative data
Surgery time (min)	170 (147–205)	298 (252–352)	<.001
CPB time (min)	65 (48–97)	162 (152–205)	<.001
Cross clamp time (min)	42 (35–57)	97 (69–150)	<.001

Values expressed as numbers (%) or median (IQR). NYHA: New York Heart Association; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: white blood cell count; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; NA: not applicable.

Table 2. Postoperative characteristics of the study population presented by the group.

Characteristic	CABG (n = 15)	Complex (n = 15)	p^2
In-hospital mortality	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)
ICU stay (h)	21 (19–22)	41 (21–48)	.015
Time on ventilator (h)	4 (3–6)	6 (4–16)	.061
Cardiac failure	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
Myocardial infarction	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
Atrial fibrillation	5 (33.3)	8 (53.3)	.269
Stroke	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
RRT	0 (0%)	1 (6.7%)	1.000
Re-exploration for bleeding	0 (0%)	2 (13.3%)	.483
Antibiotic treatment	1 (6.7%)	8 (53.3%)	.014
Verified infection	0 (0%)	3 (20%)	1.000
Peak CRP (mg/L)	131 (98–207)	189 (147–231)	.098
Peak WBC (10^9 cells/L)	12 (9–14)	14 (13–19)	.011
Peak lactate (mmol/L)	1.6 (1.3–2.0)	2.2 (1.7–2.9)	.006

Values expressed as numbers (%) or median (IQR). ICU: intensive care unit; RRT: renal replacement therapy; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: white blood cell count.

Table 3. Concentration of suPAR at each specific time point presented for all patients (A), by each patient group (B and C), presentation of p values for comparisons of suPAR levels between the CABG and complex group at each timepoint (D) and the p value for differences between suPAR levels at aesthesia induction versus each timepoint for all patients (E), CABG patients (F) and the complex group (G).

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
Characteristic	CABG + Complex (n = 30)	CABG (n = 15)	Complex (n = 15)	p-value CABG versus complex	p-value at anesthesia induction versus each timepoints all patients (n = 30)	p-value at anesthesia induction versus each timepoint CABG patients (n = 15)	p-value at anesthesia induction versus each timepoint complex patients (n = 15)
At anesthesia induction (µg/L)	2.62 (1.98–3.86)	2.57 (2.01–3.60)	2.67 (1.89–3.97)	.567	–	–	–
ICU arrival (µg/L)	2.63 (2.33–3.26)	2.48 (2.34–3.23)	2.73 (2.28–3.44)	.914	.957	.957	.957
1 day post-surgery (µg/L)	3.27 (2.75–3.86)	3.34 (2.89–3.89)	3.19 (2.57–3.62)	.967	.001	.053	.285
3–5 days post-surgery (µg/L)	2.92 (2.30–3.28)	2.72 (1.98–3.16)	2.96 (2.39–4.28)	.085	.756	.957	.394

CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU: intensive care unit. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test, where significance was found. Values presented as median (IQR).

Figure 1. Concentration of suPAR at each time point in the two patient groups (CABG surgery and complex procedures).

Figure 2. Correlation between suPAR levels on postoperative day 1 (left) and days 3–5 (right) and time on CPB.

Figure 3. Correlation between suPAR levels on the first postoperative day and the levels of C-reactive protein (A), IL-6 (B), Heparin binding protein (C), and Myeloperoxidase levels (D) on the first postoperative day.

Figure 4. Correlation between suPAR levels on the first postoperative day and the levels of C-reactive protein (A), IL-6 (B), Heparin binding protein (C), and Myeloperoxidase levels (D) on the 3rd to 5th postoperative day.