Linkage of cell division cycle 42 with clinical features, treatment response and survival in adult Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of adult Ph⁻ ALL patients.

Clinical characteristics	Adult Ph^− ALL patients (N = 78)
Age (years), median (range)	34.5 (19.0–59.0)
Male, n (%)	46 (59.0)
Type, n (%)
T-ALL	16 (20.5)
B-ALL	62 (79.5)
Pro-B ALL or early-T ALL, n (%)	9 (11.5)
WBC elevation at diagnosisa, n (%)	23 (29.5)
HGB <100 g/L, n (%)	59 (75.6)
PLT <100 × 10^9/L, n (%)	68 (87.2)
Bone marrow blasts (%), median (range)	74.0 (31.0–94.0)
Cytogenetic abnormalitiesb, n (%)	21 (26.9)

Ph⁻ ALL: Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia; SD: standard deviation; T-ALL: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; B-ALL: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; WBC: white blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: platelet.

^a WBC >30 × 10⁹/L for B-ALL, WBC >100 × 10⁹/L for T-ALL.

^b Cytogenetic abnormalities defined as any of the following conditions: t(9;22)(q34;q11)/BCR-ABL, t(4;11)(q21;q23)/ALL1-AF4, t(1:19)/E2A-PBX, HOX11L2, hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy.

Figure 1. CDC42 was increased in adult Ph⁻ ALL patients compared with donors.

Table 2. Correlation between CDC42 expression and clinical characteristics of adult Ph⁻ ALL patients.

Clinical characteristics	CDC42 expression, median (IQR)	Z value	p Value
Age		−0.210	.834
<35 years	3.270 (1.765–5.745)
≥35 years	2.335 (1.508–4.250)
Gender		−0.803	.422
Female	3.250 (1.420–4.495)
Male	2.720 (1.680–5.530)
Type		−0.371	.710
T-ALL	2.695 (1.580–5.470)
B-ALL	2.970 (1.620–4.788)
Pro-B ALL or early-T ALL		−2.072	.038
No	2.625 (1.548–4.683)
Yes	4.740 (2.908–7.638)
WBC elevation at diagnosisa		−2.246	.025
No	2.160 (1.510–4.410)
Yes	4.900 (2.410–6.540)
HGB <100 g/L		−1.339	.181
No	2.530 (1.250–4.410)
Yes	3.220 (1.640–5.650)
PLT <100 × 10^9/L		−1.270	.204
No	2.160 (1.155–5.490)
Yes	3.250 (1.750–5.155)
Bone marrow blasts ≥74%		−1.744	.081
No	2.120 (1.525–4.925)
Yes	3.550 (2.380–5.280)
Cytogenetic abnormalitiesb		−1.538	.124
No	2.410 (1.535–4.425)
Yes	4.900 (2.785–5.830)

Ph⁻ ALL: Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CDC42: cell division cycle 42; IQR: interquartile range; T-ALL: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; B-ALL: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; WBC: white blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: platelet.

^a WBC >30 × 10⁹/L for B-ALL, WBC >100 × 10⁹/L for T-ALL.

^b Cytogenetic abnormalities defined as any of the following conditions: t(9;22)(q34;q11)/BCR-ABL, t(4;11)(q21;q23)/ALL1-AF4, t(1:19)/E2A-PBX, HOX11L2, hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy.

Table 3. Correlation between CDC42 expression and CR/MRD of adult Ph⁻ ALL patients.

Items	CDC42 expression, median (IQR)	Z value	p Value
CR at 1 month		−2.120	.034
No	3.755 (2.600–6.385)
Yes	2.970 (1.620–5.028)
MRD after CR		−1.839	.066
No	2.160 (1.470–4.410)
Yes	3.290 (2.120–6.000)

Ph⁻ ALL: Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CDC42: cell division cycle 42; CR: complete remission; MRD: minimal residual disease; IQR: interquartile range.

Figure 2. Adult Ph⁻ ALL patients with CDC42 ≥ 3.310 exhibited a shorter EFS and OS. Comparison of EFS (A) and OS (B) between adult Ph⁻ ALL patients with CDC42 ≥ 3.310 and <3.310.

Figure 3. CDC42 ≥ 3.310 was independently related to shorter EFS in adult Ph⁻ ALL patients. Univariate (A) and multivariate (B) Cox’s regression analyses for EFS in adult Ph⁻ ALL patients.

Figure 4. CDC42 ≥ 3.310 was not an independent factor for OS in adult Ph⁻ ALL patients. Univariate (A) and multivariate (B) Cox’s regression analyses for OS in adult Ph⁻ ALL patients.