Societal costs attributable to Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within the first 5 years after diagnosis: a Danish nationwide cost-of-illness study 2002–2016

Figures & data

Figure 1. Annual incidence rates of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in Denmark per 100,000 person years, 2003–2015.

Table 1. Average total costs per patient the first 5 years after diagnosis among incident patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis from 2003 to 2015, Euros 2016-prices.

	Year 1		Year 2		Year 3		Year 4		Year 5
	Cost	p value	Cost	p value	Cost	p value	Cost	p value	Cost	p value
Crohn’s disease
N	9.019		8.814		8.185		7.419		6.674
Primary sector costs	−104	<.0001	−141	<.0001	−149	<.0001	−154	<.0001	−158	<.0001
Outpatient costs	3.851	<.0001	2.635	<.0001	2.295	<.0001	2.209	<.0001	2.185	<.0001
Hospital admission costs	4.745	<.0001	546	.0287	210	.6552	234	.5120	107	.1434
Prescription medicine costs	339	<.0001	256	<.0001	226	<.0001	204	<.0001	187	<.0001
Production loss^a	3.990	<.0001	2.166	<.0001	2.663	<.0001	2.861	<.0001	3.155	<.0001
Home care costs^b	33	.1556	29	.1787	33	.1549	13	.7684	24	.5884
Total	12.855		5.491		5.278		5.367		5.500
Ulcerative colitis
N	20.913		20.418		18.895		17.222		15.455
Primary sector costs	−102	<.0001	−130	<.0001	−135	<.0001	−144	<.0001	−145	<.0001
Outpatient costs	1.722	<.0001	756	<.0001	620	<.0001	544	<.0001	578	<.0001
Hospital admission costs	2.066	<.0001	42	.1402	−193	<.0001	−54	0.0003	−3	<.0001
Prescription medicine costs	476	<.0001	402	<.0001	362	<.0001	331	<.0001	308	<.0001
Production loss^a	2.499	<.0001	1.442	<.0001	1.823	<.0001	1.801	.0009	1.535	.0444
Home care costs^b	67	.0181	27	.2612	25	.2362	45	.1809	39	.3249
Total	6.728		2.538		2.502		2.522		2.313

p-values are one-sample t-tests to determine whether the costs are significantly different from zero.

^aFor the analyses on production loss, we only included patients in the workforce, e.g., patients aged 18–65 (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 7,533; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 16,453).

^bFor the analyses on home care costs we only have data access from 2008 to 2016, thus the number of analysed patients are smaller than indicated (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 4,822; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 11,177).

Table 2. Average attributable costs per patient the first 5 years after diagnosis among incident patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis from 2003 to 2015, Euros 2016-prices.

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Crohn’s disease
N	8.896	8.557	7.869	7.117	6.347
Primary sector costs	−116	−148	−154	−164	−160
Outpatient costs	3.764	2.527	2.145	2.027	1.985
Hospital admission costs	4.587	302	−55	−88	−197
Prescription medicine costs	330	240	200	176	146
Production loss^a	4.331	2.331	2.385	2.234	2.881
Home care costs^b	22	25	30	6	16
Total	12.919	5.276	4.551	4.191	4.671
Ulcerative colitis
N	20.628	19.827	18.205	16.506	14.676
Primary sector costs	−110	−135	−142	−156	−158
Outpatient costs	1.653	631	469	375	328
Hospital admission costs	1.988	−152	−438	−305	−424
Prescription medicine costs	461	379	327	287	264
Production loss^a	2.445	1.312	1.454	1.054	702
Home care costs^b	64	63	76	101	77
Total	6.501	2.097	1.746	1.356	789

^aFor the analyses on production loss, we only included patients in the workforce, e.g., patients aged 18–65 (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 7,497; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 16,453).

^bFor the analyses on home care costs, we only have data access from 2008 to 2016, thus the number of analysed patients are smaller than indicated (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 4,757; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 11,019).

Figure 2. Average actual health care costs per person among (A) incident patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) from 2003 to 2015 and matched controls and (B) incident patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) from 2003 to 2015 and matched controls, Euros 2016-prices. All year’s show significant total cost differences between disease and healthy control (p < .05).

Table 3. Sensitivity analysis of average attributable costs per patient the first 5 years after diagnosis applying the fourth year before diagnosis as the baseline year, among incident patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis from 2006 to 2015, Euros 2016-prices.

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Crohn’s disease
N	6.787	6.469	5.824	5.102	4.366
Primary sector costs	44	16	12	7	17
Outpatient costs	4.857	3.681	3.084	2.762	2.454
Hospital admission costs	5.978	1.796	1.444	1.276	1.064
Prescription medicine costs	360	280	248	220	191
Production loss^a	4.969	3.211	2.947	3.622	4.434
Home care costs^b	15	2	−35	−29	−18
Total	16.223	8.986	7.700	7.858	8.142
Ulcerative colitis
N	15.749	15.001	13.515	11.932	10.225
Primary sector costs	48	23	19	8	3
Outpatient costs	2.239	1.218	1.002	878	801
Hospital admission costs	3.192	1.016	734	681	481
Prescription medicine costs	572	486	431	386	361
Production loss^a	3.988	2.888	3.062	2.825	2.256
Home care costs^b	58	35	37	20	−4
Total	10.097	5.666	5.286	4.797	3.898

^aFor the analyses on production loss we only included patients in the workforce, e.g., patients aged 18–65 (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 5,050; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 11,699).

^bFor the analyses on home care costs, we only have data access from 2008 to 2016, thus the number of analysed patients are smaller than indicated (N year 1 Crohn’s disease: 2,509; N year 1 ulcerative colitis: 5,429).