Risk factors for short-term re-bleeding in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: a multicenter retrospective study

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients and details of antithrombotic agents.

Age, y, median (range)	76 (33–102)
Sex, Male, n (%)	219 (59.2)
Hospitalization, days, median (range)	8 (1–43)
SAP, mmHg, median (range)	131 (77–235)
Minimum Hgb, g/dl, median (range)	9.2 (3.7–16.3)
Blood transfusion, n (%)	139 (37.6)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension, n (%)	252 (68.1)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	69 (18.6)
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	36 (9.7)
Malignant neoplasms, n (%)	19 (5.1)
Colonoscopy with preparation, n (%)	242 (65.4)
Colonoscopy within 24 h, n (%)	255 (68.9)
SRH, n (%)	118 (31.9)
Hemostatic treatment, n (%)	102 (27.6)
Clipping	67 (18.1)
Band ligation	21 (5.7)
Barium impaction	8 (2.2)
Angiographic embolization	6 (1.6)
Performance status, 0–1, n (%)	302 (81.6)
Re-bleeding within a month, n (%)	34 (9.2)
Re-bleeding within a year, n (%)	82 (22.2)
NSAIDs, n (%)	59 (15.9)
Steroid, n (%)	14 (3.8)
Thromboembolic event, n (%)	2 (0.5)
Antithrombotic agents, n (%)	173 (46.8)
Single antithrombotic agents, n (%)	131(35.4)
Multiple antithrombotic agents, n (%)	42 (11.4)
Antiplatelet agents, n (%)
Aspirin	70 (18.9)
Thienopyridine	58 (15.7)
Others	38 (10.3)
Anticoagulants, n (%)
Warfarin	40 (10.8)
DOAC	14 (3.8)

SAP: systolic arterial pressure; Hgb: hemoglobin; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulants; SRH: spontaneously hypertensive rat or stigmata of recent hemorrhage.

Table 2. Univariate analysis for risk factors for re-bleeding within a month.

Variable	No. of patients	Re-bleeding rate	p Value
Age
≥75	203	0.113	.12
<75	167	0.066
Sex
Male	219	0.087	.69
Female	151	0.099
SAP
≥90	352	0.091	.82
<90	18	0.111
Hypertension
Present	252	0.087	.64
Absent	118	0.102
Diabetes
Present	69	0.087	.86
Absent	301	0.093
Chronic kidney disease
Present	36	0.139	.33
Absent	334	0.087
Malignant neoplasms
Present	19	0.053	.53
Absent	351	0.094
SRH
Present	118	0.119	.23
Absent	252	0.079
Hemostatic treatment
Present	102	0.137	.069
Absent	268	0.075
Performance status
0–1	302	0.089	.74
2–4	68	0.103
Antithrombotic agents
Present	173	0.133	.012
Absent	197	0.056
Numbers of ATs
Without ATs	197	0.056	.012
Single AT	131	0.107
Multiple ATs	42	0.214
Management of ATs
Without ATs	197	0.056	.026
Discontinuation	129	0.116
Continuation	44	0.182
NSAIDs
Present	59	0.051	.20
Absent	311	0.100
Steroid
Present	14	0.214	.16
Absent	356	0.087

SAP, systolic arterial pressure; SRH, stigmata of recent hemorrhage; AT, antithrombotic agents; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Figure 1. Hazard ratios of re-bleeding within a month in each condition of ATs at admission compared with patients without ATs.

Table 3. Cox proportional hazards model of risk factors for re-bleeding within a month.

Variable	HR	95% CI	p Value
Model 1
Hemostatic treatment	1.69	0.83–3.45	.14
Antithrombotic agents	2.38	1.10–5.50	.028
Model 2
Hemostatic treatment	1.69	0.83–3.35	.14
Numbers of Ats
Single AT/Non-AT	1.88	0.80–4.59	.15
Multiple ATs/Non-AT	3.88	1.49–10.00	.007
Model 3
Hemostatic treatment	1.72	0.85–3.42	.13
Management of Ats
Continuation/Non-AT	3.30	1.23–8.63	.019
Discontinuation/Non-AT	2.03	0.87–4.94	.10

Adjusted factors; age, sex.

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; AT: antithrombotic agent.

Data availability statement

The dataset generated during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.