Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms among adolescents, the HUNT study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants in the fourth young in Trøndelag Health study (Young-HUNT4) 2017–2019.

	Number (%)
All	7620 (100%)
Sex
Girls	3874 (50.8)
Boys	3746 (49.2)
Age, years
Mean (standard deviation)	16.1 (1.8)
Median (interquartile range)	16.2 (14.6–17.6)
Smoking status
Never smokers	6857 (90.0)
Previous smokers	272 (3.6)
Current smokers	403 (5.3)
Missing	88 (1.2)
Body mass index (BMI)
Mean (standard deviation)	22.2 (4.2)
Median (interquartile range)	21.4 (19.4–24.1)
Underweight/normal weight (BMI < 25)	5395 (70.8)
Overweight (BMI 25–30)	1224 (16.1)
Obese (BMI > 30)	481 (6.3)
Missing	520 (6.8)

Figure 1. Risk of any and frequent gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS) in adolescents (13 − 19 years) in the fourth Young in Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT4), adjusted for the other variables in the figures. Reference values: 13 years of age, girls, never smokers and under-/normal weight. OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.

Table 2. The risk of any and frequent gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS) in the fourth young in Trøndelag Health study (Young-HUNT4).

Any GORS*	Crude			Adjusted^†
	Any GORS/All (%)	OR	95% CI	Any GORS/All (%)	OR	95% CI
Age, 1-year increase	2531/7620 (33.2)	1.05	1.03–1.08	2312/7020 (32.9)	1.02	0.99–1.05
Sex
Girls	1295/3874 (33.4)	1.00	Reference	1200/3632 (33.0)	1.00	Reference
Boys	1236/3746 (33.0)	0.98	0.89–1.08	1112/3388 (32.8)	0.98	0.88–1.08
Smoking status
Never smokers	2171/6857 (31.6)	1.00	Reference	2038/6445 (31.6)	1.00	Reference
Previous smokers	134/272 (49.3)	2.10	1.64–2.67	120/243 (49.4)	1.97	1.51–2.55
Current smokers	191/403 (47.4)	1.94	1.59–2.38	154/332 (46.4)	1.71	1.36–2.14
Body mass index
Under-/normal weight	1667/5395 (30.9)	1.00	Reference	1644/5334 (30.8)	1.00	Reference
Overweight	444/1224 (36.3)	1.27	1.12–1.45	440/1211 (36.3)	1.26	1.10–1.43
Obese	232/481 (48.2)	2.08	1.73–2.51	228/475 (48.0)	1.93	1.60–2.34
p for trend^‡		<0.001			<0.001
Frequent GORS*	Crude			Adjusted^†
	Frequent GORS/All (%)	OR	95% CI	Frequent GORS/All (%)	OR	95% CI
Age, 1-year increase	271/7620 (3.6)	1.08	1.01–1.16	243/7020 (3.5)	1.01	0.94–1.09
Sex
Girls	167/3874 (4.3)	1.00	Reference	153/3632 (4.2)	1.00	Reference
Boys	104/3746 (2.8)	0.63	0.49–0.81	90/3388 (2.7)	0.61	0.46–0.79
Smoking status
Never smokers	224/6857 (3.3)	1.00	Reference	207/6445 (3.2)	1.00	Reference
Previous smokers	19/272 (7.0)	2.22	1.37–3.61	16/243 (6.6)	1.95	1.14–3.35
Current smokers	24/403 (6.0)	1.88	1.22–2.89	20/332 (6.0)	1.80	1.10–2.93
Body mass index
Under-/normal weight	161/5395 (3.0)	1.00	Reference	157/5334 (2.9)	1.00	Reference
Overweight	50/1224 (4.1)	1.38	1.00–1.91	50/1211 (4.1)	1.37	0.99–1.90
Obese	36/481 (7.5)	2.63	1.81–3.82	36/475 (7.6)	2.50	1.70–3.66
p for trend^‡		<0.001			<0.001

*Any GORS; sometimes or frequent heartburn or acid regurgitation, Frequent GORS; frequent heartburn or acid regurgitation.

^†Model adjusted for all other variables in the table.

^‡p for trend; Wald test for linear trend.

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Italic values are used for the p-values.

Data availability statement

The data is available through application to HUNT Research Centre: https://hunt-db.medisin.ntnu.no/hunt-db/#/