Estimation of the amounts of livestock manure, rice straw, and rice straw compost applied to crops in Japan: a bottom-up analysis based on national survey data and comparison with the results from a top-down approach

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual workflow used in the (a) top-down and (b) bottom-up approaches. Full-time farm is defined as no household member engaged in jobs other than farming. Part-time farm is defined as one or more household members engaged in jobs other than farming.

Figure 2. Amount of applied carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) through the application of livestock manure, rice straw compost and rice straw for the seven crop groups from the calculation in this study. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), Upland crop (Poaceae triticum L., etc.), Vegetables (Raphanus sativus L., etc), Orchard (Malus pumila Mill. etc), Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), Forage (Zae mays L. etc.), Fodder (Phleum pratense L.).

Table 1 Fate of livestock excreta and rice straw in Japan

	Cattle excreta					Swine excreta					Poultry excreta					Rice Straw manure					Rice straw
	F.W.	C	N	P	K	F.W.	C	N	P	K	F.W.	C	N	P	K	F.W.	C	N	P	K	F.W.	C	N	P	K
Raw material	63,454	4101	409	61	298	23,535	2974	222	34	71	13,205	2104	302	46	54						10,851	3320	43	6	137
Used material^1		2346	234	35	170		1596	119	18	38		1584	227	35	41	2437	698	9	1	29	8203	2622	34	5	108
Manure^2	15,615	1472	83	35	87	1352	288	26	18	20	2474	426	42	35	41	1792	114	7	1	6
Manure (DB)^3			81	36				23	12				58	44
Loss		873	151	0	83		1309	93	0	18		1158	185	0	0		585	2	0	23
Non-utilized^4		1756	175	26	128		1378	103	16	33		520	75	11	13						211*	0*	0*	0*	0*
Unit: Gg.
*: Include raw material for livestock manure.
1: Total used material for manure is 6224Gg C, 589Gg N, 90G gP 278Gg K.
2: Total manure applied is 2300Gg C, 158Gg N, 90Gg P, 154Gg K.
3: Total amount of manure derived by database (DB) is 161Gg N, 92Gg P.
4: Sum of non-utilized indicated in abstract is 3654Gg C, 353Gg N, 53Gg P, 174Gg K.
5: F.W.: Fresh weight, C: carbon, N: nitrogen, P: phosphorus, K: potassium.